Questions on Respiratory System

Questions on Respiratory System Related

Review Questions on Respiratory System related questions and content

A male client comes to the emergency department complaining of sudden onset of diarrhea, anorexia, malaise, cough, headache, and recurrent chills. Based on the client's history and physical findings, the physician suspects Legionnaires' disease. While awaiting diagnostic test results, the client is admitted to the facility and started on antibiotic therapy. What is the drug of choice for treating Legionnaires' disease?

  • A. erythromycin (Erythrocin)
  • B. rifampin (Rifadin)
  • C. amantadine (Symmetrel)
  • D. amphotericin B (Fungizone)
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: erythromycin (Erythrocin). Legionnaires' disease is caused by the bacterium Legionella pneumophila, and erythromycin is the drug of choice for treating this infection. Erythromycin is a macrolide antibiotic that effectively targets Legionella bacteria by inhibiting their protein synthesis. It is bacteriostatic at low concentrations and bactericidal at higher concentrations. Rifampin (B) is not the preferred choice for Legionnaires' disease. Amantadine (C) is used for treating influenza A virus, not Legionella bacteria. Amphotericin B (D) is an antifungal agent and is not effective against Legionella pneumophila. Utilizing erythromycin as the treatment of choice ensures successful eradication of the Legionella bacteria and helps the client recover from the infection.

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A nurse is caring for an older adult client who has a pulmonary infection. Which action should the nurse take first?

  • A. Encourage the client to increase fluid intake.
  • B. Assess the client's level of consciousness.
  • C. Raise the head of the bed to at least 45 degrees.
  • D. Provide the client with humidified oxygen.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct action for the nurse to take first is to assess the client's level of consciousness (Choice B) because it is essential to determine the client's current neurological status and mental acuity, which can indicate the severity of the infection and the need for immediate interventions. Assessing consciousness helps in identifying any signs of respiratory distress or potential complications. Encouraging fluid intake (Choice A) is important but not the priority when the client's respiratory status is uncertain. Raising the head of the bed (Choice C) is beneficial for improving oxygenation but should come after assessing the client's consciousness. Providing humidified oxygen (Choice D) is important for respiratory support but should be based on the assessment findings.

Which of the following describes a correct order of structures in the respiratory passageways?

  • A. pharynx, trachea, larynx, bronchi, bronchioles
  • B. larynx, pharynx, trachea, bronchioles, bronchi
  • C. trachea, pharynx, larynx, bronchi, bronchioles
  • D. pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct order of structures in the respiratory passageways is D: pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles. This is the correct order because air enters the body through the pharynx, then passes through the larynx (voice box), followed by the trachea (windpipe), which branches into the bronchi, and then further divides into bronchioles. The other choices are incorrect because they do not follow the natural flow of air through the respiratory system. Choice A has the incorrect order starting with the pharynx, followed by the trachea, larynx, bronchi, and bronchioles. Choice B starts with the larynx, then pharynx, trachea, bronchioles, and bronchi, which is out of sequence. Choice C begins with the trachea, then pharynx, larynx, bronchi, and bronchioles, which is also incorrect

How many layers of pleura have

  • A. 2
  • B. visceral
  • C. Parietal
  • D. all of the above
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: Pleura is a thin membrane that surrounds the lungs and lines the chest cavity.
Step 2: There are two layers of pleura - visceral (inner layer covering the lungs) and parietal (outer layer lining the chest cavity).
Step 3: The correct answer is A (2), because there are only two layers of pleura.
Summary: Choice B and C are incorrect because they each represent only one layer of pleura, whereas the correct answer A encompasses both layers. Choice D is incorrect because it includes all options, which is not accurate in this case.

The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in venous blood is approximately

  • A. 40 mm Hg
  • B. 45 mm Hg
  • C. 50 mm Hg
  • D. 70 mm Hg
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B (45 mm Hg) because the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in venous blood is typically around 40-45 mm Hg. This value represents the amount of CO2 dissolved in the blood plasma. Option A (40 mm Hg) is slightly on the lower side and may not fully reflect the average value. Option C (50 mm Hg) is higher than the usual range for venous blood CO2 levels. Option D (70 mm Hg) is significantly higher than the normal range and is more characteristic of arterial blood CO2 levels. Therefore, option B is the most accurate representation of the partial pressure of CO2 in venous blood.

Which of the following is a risk factor for developing heart failure?

  • A. Regular exercise
  • B. Low blood cholesterol levels
  • C. Smoking
  • D. Adequate sleep
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Smoking. Smoking is a risk factor for developing heart failure because it damages the blood vessels, increases blood pressure, and reduces oxygen delivery to the heart. Regular exercise (A) is actually beneficial for heart health. Low blood cholesterol levels (B) are generally considered a positive factor for heart health. Adequate sleep (D) is important for overall well-being but is not a direct risk factor for heart failure. In conclusion, smoking (C) stands out as the correct answer due to its harmful effects on the cardiovascular system.

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