Nokea
The nose serves all the following functions EXCEPT:
- A. as the initiator of the cough reflex
- B. warming and humidifying the air
- C. cleansing the air
- D. as a passageway for air movement
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: as the initiator of the cough reflex. The nose does not initiate the cough reflex; rather, it is the respiratory system's response to irritants in the airways. The nose warms, humidifies, and cleanses the air as it passes through, and it also serves as a passageway for air movement. Therefore, the nose does not directly trigger the cough reflex.
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What is the relationship between the pressures at label '3'?
- A. P outside = P inside
- B. P outside > P inside
- C. P outside < P inside
- D. P outside + P inside
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because at label '3', the pressure outside the system is higher than the pressure inside. This is based on the principle that pressure decreases with increasing elevation. As we move upward in a fluid column, the pressure decreases. Therefore, in this scenario, the pressure outside the system (higher elevation) will be greater than the pressure inside the system (lower elevation).
A: P outside = P inside - Incorrect, as explained above, pressures are not equal at label '3'.
C: P outside < P inside - Incorrect, pressures are not in this relationship at label '3'.
D: P outside + P inside - Incorrect, this is not a valid comparison of pressures at label '3'.
Number of alveoli in the two human lungs is
- A. 600-800 millions
- B. 200-300 millions
- C. 1-2 millions
- D. 100,000-150,000 millions
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A (600-800 millions) because the alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs responsible for gas exchange. An adult human lung has approximately 300-400 million alveoli, with two lungs totaling 600-800 million. Choice B (200-300 millions) and C (1-2 millions) are incorrect because they underestimate the total number of alveoli in both lungs. Choice D (100,000-150,000 millions) is incorrect as it overestimates the number of alveoli by a significant margin.
The process of respiration is concerned with
- A. Intake O2
- B. Liberation of O2
- C. Liberation of CO2
- D. liberation of energy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: liberation of energy. Respiration involves the conversion of glucose into ATP, releasing energy that cells can use for various functions. Oxygen is taken in during respiration (A), not liberated (B). Carbon dioxide is released (C) as a byproduct of respiration, not liberated. Option D is correct as it accurately captures the primary purpose of respiration.
Branches of bronchial tree
- A. primary bronchi_trachea_secondary bronchi_tertiary_bronchioles_terminal
- B. trachea-pri bronchi-sec bronchi-ter bronchi-bronchioles-terinnal
- C. Both a and b
- D. itis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because it correctly lists the branches of the bronchial tree in order: trachea-primary bronchi-secondary bronchi-tertiary bronchi-bronchioles-terminal. The trachea divides into the primary bronchi, which further divide into secondary bronchi, followed by tertiary bronchi, bronchioles, and finally terminal bronchioles. Choice A is incorrect because it lists "primary bronchi_trachea" which is out of order and "tertiary_bronchioles" instead of "tertiary bronchi." Choice C is incorrect because it combines the incorrect order of branches from both A and B. Choice D, "itis," is not a valid term related to the branches of the bronchial tree.
A 62-yr-old client who has no history of hypertension or other health problems suddenly develops a blood pressure (BP) of 198/110 mm Hg. After reconfirming the BP.What is most appropriate for the nurse to tell the client
- A. BP recheck should be scheduled in a few weeks.
- B. dietary sodium and fat content should be decreased.
- C. diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring will be needed.
- D. there is danger of a stroke, requiring hospitalization.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because a sudden spike in blood pressure to 198/110 mm Hg is considered hypertensive crisis requiring immediate medical attention. The nurse should inform the client that diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring are necessary to address the high blood pressure. This is important to prevent serious complications like stroke or heart attack.
Option A is incorrect because waiting a few weeks for a BP recheck could be dangerous in this scenario. Option B is also incorrect as simple dietary changes may not be sufficient to address such high blood pressure levels. Option D is incorrect as hospitalization may or may not be required based on the assessment and treatment plan determined by the healthcare provider.