Lymphatic Immune System Quizlet

Lymphatic Immune System Quizlet Related

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What discovery is attributed to Elie Metchnikoff?

  • A. Antitoxins
  • B. Phagocytosis
  • C. Germ theory of disease
  • D. Smallpox eradication
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Phagocytosis. Elie Metchnikoff is credited with discovering phagocytosis, the process in which certain cells engulf and digest foreign particles or microorganisms. He observed this phenomenon in starfish larvae, leading to a groundbreaking understanding of how immune cells defend the body against pathogens.

Choice A (Antitoxins) is incorrect because although Metchnikoff made contributions to immunology, his notable discovery was phagocytosis, not antitoxins. Choice C (Germ theory of disease) is incorrect as this theory was developed by Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch. Choice D (Smallpox eradication) is incorrect as this achievement is primarily attributed to the efforts of Edward Jenner and the World Health Organization.

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A structural domain essential for the assembly of the inflammasome is

  • A. Leucine rich repeats
  • B. TIR domain
  • C. CARD
  • D. All of the above
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: CARD. CARD stands for Caspase Activation and Recruitment Domain, which is crucial for the assembly of the inflammasome complex. It facilitates the recruitment and activation of caspase enzymes, leading to inflammatory responses. Leucine rich repeats (A) and TIR domain (B) are not directly involved in the assembly of the inflammasome. Therefore, the correct choice is C, as it specifically pertains to the structural domain essential for this process.

A common collaborative problem related to both hyperkalemia and hypokalemia is which potential complication?

  • A. Seizures
  • B. Paralysis
  • C. Dysrhythmias
  • D. Acute kidney injury
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Both hyperkalemia and hypokalemia disrupt cardiac conduction, causing dysrhythmias due to their effects on myocardial cell membrane potentials.

To provide free water and intracellular fluid hydration for a patient with acute gastroenteritis who is NPO, the nurse would expect administration of which infusion?

  • A. Dextrose 5% in water
  • B. Dextrose 10% in water
  • C. Lactated Ringer’s solution
  • D. Dextrose 5% in normal saline (0.9%)
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: D5W provides free water without adding significant electrolytes, aiding intracellular hydration.

Which of the following complement components is an opsonin?

  • A. C3a
  • B. C3b
  • C. C4a
  • D. C5a
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: C3b. C3b is an opsonin because it coats pathogens, making them more recognizable by phagocytic cells for ingestion and destruction. C3a, C4a, and C5a are anaphylatoxins that mediate inflammatory responses by activating immune cells, not opsonins.

Multi-photon microscopy has proved to be an invaluable tool for the evaluation of the dynamics of immune responses in vivo. The following is a list of observations derived from intra-vital microscopy. Identify the incorrect statement.

  • A. T cells make stable and prolonged contacts with APC presenting the specific antigen in the paracortex
  • B. In the absence of antigens B cells move at the same speed and randomly in follicles
  • C. In the presence of infection specific B cells quickly direct themselves towards the source of antigen
  • D. Dendritic cells move rapidly through the germinal centre during an immune response
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because dendritic cells do not typically move rapidly through the germinal center during an immune response. Dendritic cells usually interact with T cells in the paracortex to present antigens, and they are not known to migrate rapidly through the germinal center.

A: This statement is correct as T cells do make stable and prolonged contacts with APCs in the paracortex during immune responses.

B: This statement is incorrect as B cells do not move at the same speed and randomly in follicles in the absence of antigens. They respond to signals and cues in the microenvironment.

C: This statement is correct as specific B cells can quickly direct themselves towards the source of antigen during an infection.

In summary, choice D is incorrect because dendritic cells do not move rapidly through the germinal center during an immune response, while the other choices accurately describe behaviors of immune cells during immune responses.

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