Lymphatic Immune System Quizlet

Lymphatic Immune System Quizlet Related

Review Lymphatic Immune System Quizlet related questions and content

What is a key concept of the evolutionary arms race between hosts and pathogens?

  • A. Both evolve to outcompete the other
  • B. Pathogens evolve faster due to slow host mutation rates
  • C. Hosts rely on chemical barriers rather than evolution
  • D. Pathogens only evolve when hosts fail to adapt
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: Evolutionary arms race involves a continuous cycle of adaptations by both hosts and pathogens to gain an advantage.
Step 2: Both parties strive to outcompete each other to survive and reproduce.
Step 3: This leads to a dynamic process where hosts evolve defense mechanisms while pathogens evolve ways to overcome them.
Step 4: Therefore, the key concept is that both hosts and pathogens evolve to outcompete each other in the evolutionary arms race.
Summary:
- Option B is incorrect as hosts can also evolve rapidly through mechanisms like recombination.
- Option C is incorrect as hosts do evolve through genetic changes, not just relying on chemical barriers.
- Option D is incorrect as pathogens continuously evolve strategies, not just when hosts fail to adapt.

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A common collaborative problem related to both hyperkalemia and hypokalemia is which potential complication?

  • A. Seizures
  • B. Paralysis
  • C. Dysrhythmias
  • D. Acute kidney injury
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Both hyperkalemia and hypokalemia disrupt cardiac conduction, causing dysrhythmias due to their effects on myocardial cell membrane potentials.

A structural domain essential for the assembly of the inflammasome is

  • A. Leucine rich repeats
  • B. TIR domain
  • C. CARD
  • D. All of the above
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: CARD. CARD stands for Caspase Activation and Recruitment Domain, which is crucial for the assembly of the inflammasome complex. It facilitates the recruitment and activation of caspase enzymes, leading to inflammatory responses. Leucine rich repeats (A) and TIR domain (B) are not directly involved in the assembly of the inflammasome. Therefore, the correct choice is C, as it specifically pertains to the structural domain essential for this process.

Ferrets have recently been objects of an intense debate within the scientific community in the field of Flu research because

  • A. Of a recent outbreak caused by a novel Influenza strain
  • B. Of a recent outbreak caused by a highly virulent H1N1 strain
  • C. Mutations have been introduced in H5N1 creating a strain transmissible among these mammals
  • D. Two publications on this animal model for Flu were put on hold due to biosecurity reasons
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because it indicates a specific reason for the intense debate within the scientific community regarding ferrets in Flu research. Mutations in H5N1 creating a strain transmissible among ferrets is significant as it highlights a potential threat of cross-species transmission and the need for further study.

A is incorrect as it does not provide a specific reason related to ferrets and their role in Flu research. B is incorrect because it focuses on a specific strain (H1N1) rather than mutations in H5N1. D is incorrect as it mentions publications being put on hold but does not address the core issue of mutations and transmissibility among ferrets.

A patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has a negative tuberculosis (TB) skin test. Which nursing action is indicated next?

  • A. Obtain a chest x-ray and sputum smear.
  • B. No further action is needed after the negative skin test.
  • C. Teach about the anti-tuberculosis drug isoniazid (INH).
  • D. Schedule TB testing again in 6 months.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A negative TB skin test in an immunocompromised patient such as one with AIDS does not rule out TB infection. Further diagnostic testing such as a chest x-ray and sputum smear is necessary to confirm the absence of TB. Teaching about INH or scheduling another test is premature without further diagnostic confirmation.

Priority Decision: What is the most important nursing intervention for the prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers?

  • A. Using pressure-reduction devices
  • B. Massaging pressure areas with lotion
  • C. Repositioning the patient a minimum of every 2 hours
  • D. Using lift sheets and trapeze bars to facilitate patient movement
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Regular repositioning prevents prolonged pressure on vulnerable areas, reducing the risk of tissue ischemia and necrosis.

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