Nokea
What is the primary function of lymph nodes?
- A. Producing red blood cells
- B. Filtering lymph and facilitating immune responses
- C. Synthesizing antibodies
- D. Generating cytokines
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The primary function of lymph nodes is to filter lymph and facilitate immune responses. Lymph nodes contain immune cells that help recognize and fight off infections. They filter lymph by trapping and removing pathogens and foreign particles. This process helps in activating the immune response to protect the body. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because lymph nodes do not produce red blood cells, synthesize antibodies, or generate cytokines. These functions are carried out by other organs and cells in the body.
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The major role of the complement system is to work in conjunction with
- A. antibodies to lyse cells via the C8 and C9 components
- B. the major histocompatibility complex for cell recognition
- C. antibodies to opsonize cells
- D. the T-cell receptor for production of lymphokines
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: The complement system is a group of proteins that enhance the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear pathogens. Choice A is correct because the C8 and C9 components of the complement system form the membrane attack complex which lyses cells. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the complement system primarily functions independently of the major histocompatibility complex, antibodies for opsonization, and T-cell receptor for lymphokine production.
Which patient is at risk for hypernatremia?
- A. Has a deficiency of aldosterone
- B. Has prolonged vomiting and diarrhea
- C. Receives excessive IV 5% dextrose solution
- D. Has impaired consciousness and decreased thirst sensitivity
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Impaired consciousness leads to decreased thirst sensitivity, preventing adequate water intake and increasing sodium concentration in the blood.
Molecules that are considered members of the 'immunoglobulin superfamily':
- A. Contain one or more protein domains with a compact barrel structure
- B. Are always lymphocyte antigen receptors
- C. Are highly unstable relative to other proteins
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because molecules in the immunoglobulin superfamily typically contain one or more protein domains with a compact barrel structure. This structure is characteristic of immunoglobulin-like domains found in proteins involved in immune responses. Choice B is incorrect because not all members of the immunoglobulin superfamily are lymphocyte antigen receptors. Choice C is incorrect as these molecules are not necessarily highly unstable compared to other proteins. Therefore, the correct answer is A as it accurately describes a common structural feature of molecules in the immunoglobulin superfamily.
Which of the following would help a client with allergic skin reaction reduce itching and maintain intact skin?
- A. Humidifying the environment
- B. Avoiding a skin lubricant
- C. Bathing with a bar soap that contains lye
- D. Bathing with hot water
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Humidifying the environment helps to keep the skin moist reducing itching and preventing skin breakdown.
Which characteristics describe Pneumocystis jiroveci infection, an opportunistic disease that can be associated with HIV?
- A. May cause fungal meningitis
- B. Diagnosed by lymph node biopsy
- C. Pneumonia with dry, nonproductive cough
- D. Viral retinitis, stomatitis, esophagitis, gastritis, or colitis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia typically presents with a dry, nonproductive cough, shortness of breath, and fever.