Nokea
Recognize the following that would be classified as a delayed hypersensitivity reaction.
- A. Anaphylaxis
- B. Allergic contact dermatitis
- C. Cytotoxic hypersensitivity
- D. Immune complex hypersensitivity
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Allergic contact dermatitis. This is classified as a delayed hypersensitivity reaction because it involves activation of T cells, which takes time to develop. Anaphylaxis (A) is an immediate hypersensitivity reaction mediated by IgE. Cytotoxic hypersensitivity (C) involves antibodies attacking cells directly, not delayed. Immune complex hypersensitivity (D) involves immune complexes depositing in tissues, triggering inflammation, not T cell activation.
You may also like to solve these questions
Which antibody dominates the primary immune response?
- A. IgG
- B. IgA
- C. IgM
- D. IgE
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: IgM. During the primary immune response, IgM is the first antibody produced by the immune system in response to an antigen. IgM is efficient in agglutination and complement fixation, aiding in the elimination of pathogens. IgG is more prominent in the secondary immune response. IgA is mainly found in mucosal areas. IgE is associated with allergic reactions and parasitic infections, not the primary immune response. So, IgM dominates the primary immune response by being the initial antibody produced to combat antigens.
What does the mechanism of chemotaxis accomplish?
- A. Causes the transformation of monocytes into macrophages
- B. Involves a pathway of chemical processes resulting in cellular lysis
- C. Attracts the accumulation of neutrophils and monocytes to an area of injury
- D. Slows the blood flow in a damaged area, allowing migration of leukocytes into tissue
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chemotaxis is the process by which immune cells such as neutrophils and monocytes are attracted to the site of injury or infection through chemical signals. These signals guide the cells to areas where they are needed most.
Which of the following is a physical barrier provided by innate immunity?
- A. Antibodies
- B. T lymphocytes
- C. Tight junctions in epithelial cells
- D. Phagocytosis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Tight junctions in epithelial cells. These junctions physically prevent pathogens from entering the body. Antibodies (A) and T lymphocytes (B) are components of adaptive immunity, not physical barriers. Phagocytosis (D) is a cellular process, not a physical barrier.
What receptor is targeted in Grave's disease, a Type V hypersensitivity reaction?
- A. Insulin receptor
- B. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor
- C. Complement receptor
- D. CD4 receptor
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor. In Grave's disease, autoantibodies bind to and activate the TSH receptor on thyroid cells, leading to hyperthyroidism. This is a Type II hypersensitivity reaction. Insulin receptor (A) is not involved in Grave's disease. Complement receptor (C) is not the target in this condition. CD4 receptor (D) is primarily involved in T cell activation, not in Grave's disease.
The type of immunological protection provided by plasma therapy is
- A. Natural active
- B. Natural passive
- C. Artificial active
- D. Artificial passive
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Artificial passive. Plasma therapy involves administering preformed antibodies to provide immediate protection against a specific pathogen. This is considered artificial passive immunity because the antibodies are obtained from an external source rather than being produced by the individual's immune system.
Explanation:
1. Natural active immunity (Choice A) is when the body produces its antibodies after exposure to a pathogen, which is not the case in plasma therapy.
2. Natural passive immunity (Choice B) is when antibodies are passed from mother to fetus or through breast milk, not obtained through plasma therapy.
3. Artificial active immunity (Choice C) involves vaccination to stimulate the body's immune response, which is different from plasma therapy.
In summary, the correct answer is D (Artificial passive) because plasma therapy provides immediate immunity through externally sourced antibodies, distinguishing it from the other types of immunological protection.