Nokea
Which ligament arises from the pubic symphysis in males?
- A. Fundiform ligament
- B. Broad ligament
- C. Suspensory ligament
- D. Ejaculatory ligament
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Suspensory ligament. This ligament arises from the pubic symphysis in males and supports the male reproductive organs. It helps suspend the penis and testes in the scrotum. The Fundiform ligament (A) supports the penis, the Broad ligament (B) supports the uterus, and the Ejaculatory ligament (D) is not a ligament associated with the pubic symphysis in males.
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A 15 year old high school football player is in your clinic, c/o severe testicular pain since 8 am this morning. Denies sexual activity. Unable to urinate due to pain. He is nauseated and is vomiting. He is lying on the exam table, uncomfortably shifting his position. His BP is 150/100, pulse is 110, respirations are 24. There are no lesions on the penis and no discharge from the meatus. The scrotal skin is tense and red. Palpation of the left testicle causes severe pain and the patient begins to cry. Prostate exam is normal. His cremasteric reflex is absent on the left but is normal on the right. Urine sample (by catheter) is normal. You send him to the emergency room. What is the most likely diagnosis?
- A. Acute orchitis
- B. Acute epididymitis
- C. Torsion of the spermatic cord
- D. Prostatitis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct diagnosis is torsion of the spermatic cord. This condition presents with sudden severe testicular pain, nausea, vomiting, high blood pressure, tachycardia, and absence of cremasteric reflex. The key findings include red, tense scrotal skin, severe pain on palpation, and crying. The absence of discharge and normal prostate exam rule out prostatitis. Acute orchitis typically presents with fever and urinary symptoms, which are absent here. Acute epididymitis usually presents with gradual onset and urinary symptoms. Torsion of the spermatic cord is a surgical emergency requiring immediate intervention to prevent testicular ischemia and necrosis.
The egg is fertilized in which anatomical structure?
- A. Vagina
- B. Uterus
- C. uterine (fallopian) tube
- D. cervix
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Uterus. After fertilization, the egg travels through the fallopian tube and implants in the uterus for further development. The vagina is the birth canal, not the site of fertilization. The fallopian tube is where fertilization typically occurs, but the actual implantation of the fertilized egg occurs in the uterus. The cervix is the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina and plays a role in pregnancy but is not where fertilization occurs.
Prophase I of the spermatocyte phase lasts approximately:
- A. 2 hours
- B. 24 hours
- C. 2 days
- D. 16 days
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D (16 days) because prophase I of spermatocyte phase involves complex processes like chromosome pairing and recombination, which take time. It is a crucial stage in sperm formation. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they underestimate the duration required for these intricate cellular events to occur. A shorter timeframe would not allow for proper genetic exchange and segregation, essential for genetic diversity in offspring. Thus, a longer duration like 16 days is necessary for the completion of prophase I in spermatocyte phase.
Which bone is called as the shoulder bone
- A. Clavicle
- B. Sternum
- C. Humerus
- D. Scapula
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Scapula. The scapula is commonly known as the shoulder blade and is the bone that connects the upper arm bone (humerus) to the collarbone (clavicle) to form the shoulder joint. The other choices, A: Clavicle, is the collarbone; B: Sternum, is the breastbone; and C: Humerus, is the upper arm bone, are not specifically referred to as the shoulder bone. Therefore, the scapula is the correct answer as it is directly associated with the shoulder joint.
The scrotum:
- A. is located above the external male genital organ;
- B. shelters the male gonad;
- C. is made up of concentric tunics, a continuation of the ones from the anterior abdominal wall;
- D. is part of the external genital organs;
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: shelters the male gonad. The scrotum houses and protects the testes, the male gonads responsible for sperm production. This is crucial for maintaining optimal temperature for spermatogenesis. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as the scrotum is located below the external male genital organ, has separate tunics from the abdominal wall, and is considered part of the external genital organs.