Nokea
Anterior to the vagina and urethral openings is the
- A. Labia majora
- B. Labia minor
- C. Mons pubis
- D. Cervical sphincter
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Labia majora. The labia majora are located anterior to the vagina and urethral openings, providing protection and support. The labia minora are internal to the labia majora. The mons pubis is the rounded mass of fatty tissue located over the pubic symphysis. Cervical sphincter is not a relevant anatomical structure in this context. Therefore, the labia majora is the correct choice based on its anatomical location and function.
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One treatment for erectile dysfunction requires the injection of a substance into the corpora cavernosa of the penis. The injection of which of the following causes an erection?
- A. Norepinephrine
- B. A substance that inhibits formation of nitric oxide
- C. Alprostadil
- D. Angiotensin II
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Alprostadil is the correct answer because it is a prostaglandin E1 analog that dilates blood vessels in the corpora cavernosa, promoting blood flow and causing an erection. Norepinephrine (choice A) constricts blood vessels and inhibits erection. A substance that inhibits nitric oxide formation (choice B) is counterproductive as nitric oxide is essential for vasodilation. Angiotensin II (choice D) constricts blood vessels and does not promote erection. Therefore, C is the correct choice for inducing an erection through vasodilation in the corpora cavernosa.
The spermatozoon contains:
- A. 11 pairs of somatic chromosomes;
- B. one sexual chromosome;
- C. the X sex chromosome;
- D. the Y sex chromosome;
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the spermatozoon contains the Y sex chromosome, determining male characteristics. Sperm cells are haploid and carry only one set of chromosomes, including either an X or Y sex chromosome. The presence of the Y chromosome leads to the development of male offspring. Choice A is incorrect as sperm cells do not contain somatic chromosomes. Choice B is incorrect as sperm cells contain one pair of sex chromosomes, not just one. Choice C is incorrect because sperm cells can carry either the X or Y sex chromosome, not specifically the X chromosome.
Causes of per vaginal bleeding include
- A. Cervical cancer
- B. Endometrial cancer
- C. Leiomyoma
- D. Endometrial carcinoma
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cervical cancer. Cervical cancer can cause abnormal vaginal bleeding due to the presence of cancerous cells in the cervix. This can lead to spotting or bleeding between periods. Endometrial cancer (choice B) and endometrial carcinoma (choice D) specifically involve the endometrium, not the cervix. Leiomyoma (choice C) refers to uterine fibroids, which can cause heavy menstrual bleeding but are not typically associated with vaginal bleeding outside of menstruation. Therefore, the correct choice is A as it directly relates to per vaginal bleeding, while the other choices are not directly linked to this symptom.
Which of the following characterizes the secretory phase of a female's uterine (menstrual) cycle?
- A. Ovulation of a secondary oocyte occurs.
- B. The functional layer of the endometrium is absent.
- C. The corpus luteum increases progesterone levels.
- D. The functional layer of the endometrium is she
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The secretory phase follows ovulation in the menstrual cycle. During this phase, the corpus luteum, formed from the ruptured follicle, secretes progesterone, maintaining the endometrium for potential implantation of a fertilized egg. Choice A is incorrect as ovulation occurs in the preceding phase (ovulatory phase). Choice B is incorrect as the functional layer of the endometrium thickens during the secretory phase to support a potential pregnancy. Choice D is incorrect as the functional layer of the endometrium is not shed during the secretory phase, but rather maintained for pregnancy support.
The _____ is the space between the labia minor.
- A. vulva
- B. vestibule
- C. vaginal orifice
- D. pudendal cleft
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: vestibule. The vestibule is the space between the labia minora, housing the openings of the urethra and vagina. It is a specific anatomical term that describes this precise area. The other choices, A: vulva refers to the external female genitalia as a whole, C: vaginal orifice specifically denotes the opening of the vagina, and D: pudendal cleft is a term not commonly used in anatomy to describe this specific space. Therefore, B is the correct answer as it accurately describes the anatomical structure in question.