Nokea
The Fallopian tube is linked to the:
- A. vagina;
- B. uterus;
- C. ovary;
- D. vulva;
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: uterus. The Fallopian tube connects the ovaries to the uterus, allowing eggs to travel from the ovaries to the uterus for fertilization. The vagina (A) is not directly connected to the Fallopian tube but serves as the birth canal. The ovary (C) is where eggs are produced and released into the Fallopian tube, not directly linked to it. The vulva (D) is the external part of the female genitalia and is not connected to the Fallopian tube.
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Where do the testes originate in a fetus?
- A. scrotal sac
- B. pelvic cavity
- C. abdominal cavity
- D. retroperitoneal space
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The testes originate in the abdominal cavity in a fetus. During development, they descend into the scrotal sac through the inguinal canal. This process is essential for proper sperm production as the scrotal environment provides optimal temperature for sperm development. The other choices are incorrect because the testes do not initially form in the scrotal sac, pelvic cavity, or retroperitoneal space. The correct sequence of descent from the abdominal cavity to the scrotal sac is crucial for normal reproductive function.
Unilateral or bilateral enlargement of breasts in male:
- A. Mastodynia
- B. Gynecomastia
- C. Mammocele
- D. Teratoma
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Gynecomastia. Gynecomastia refers to the abnormal enlargement of male breast tissue, which can be unilateral or bilateral. This condition is commonly caused by hormonal imbalances, medication side effects, or underlying medical conditions. Mastodynia (A) refers to breast pain, Mammocele (C) is a term for a breast cyst, and Teratoma (D) is a type of tumor that contains multiple types of tissue. Therefore, the correct term for male breast enlargement is gynecomastia.
The spermatozoon is made up of:
- A. head;
- B. mid piece or neck;
- C. flagellum;
- D. body;
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: head. The spermatozoon is composed of three main parts: head, mid piece or neck, and flagellum. The head contains the nucleus which carries genetic material. The mid piece or neck contains mitochondria for energy production. The flagellum is responsible for sperm motility. In this question, the head is the most essential part of the spermatozoon as it contains the genetic material required for fertilization. The other choices (B: mid piece or neck, C: flagellum, D: body) are incorrect as they are important for sperm function but do not carry the genetic material necessary for fertilization.
In order for male differentiation to occur during embryonic development, testosterone must be secreted from the testes. What stimulates the secretion of testosterone during embryonic development?
- A. Luteinizing hormone from the maternal pituitary gland
- B. Human chorionic gonadotropin
- C. Inhibin from the corpus luteum
- D. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone from the embryo’s hypothalamus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulates the secretion of testosterone during embryonic development. hCG is produced by the developing embryo and acts on the Leydig cells in the testes to trigger the production of testosterone. This hormone plays a crucial role in male differentiation by promoting the development of male reproductive organs.
A: Luteinizing hormone (LH) from the maternal pituitary gland is not involved in the early stages of male differentiation in the embryo. LH is typically involved in the regulation of testosterone production postnatally.
C: Inhibin from the corpus luteum is not involved in the stimulation of testosterone secretion during embryonic development. Inhibin is mainly involved in the negative feedback regulation of FSH secretion.
D: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the embryo's hypothalamus is not responsible for directly stimulating testosterone secretion during embryonic development. GnRH regulates the secretion
The gonads produce sex cells, also spermatids into sperm is known as known as ________, ________.
- A. zygotes
- B. mitosis
- C. interstitial cells
- D. spermiogenesis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: spermiogenesis. Spermiogenesis is the process where spermatids mature into sperm cells in the testes. The gonads (testes in males) produce sex cells, but zygotes are formed through fertilization, not spermiogenesis. Mitosis is a type of cell division for growth and repair, not sperm production. Interstitial cells are found in the testes but are responsible for producing testosterone, not the maturation of spermatids into sperm cells. Therefore, option D is the correct choice as it specifically relates to the transformation of spermatids into sperm cells in the testes.