Nokea
The female sex of the child involves the following during fecundation:
- A. the spermatozoon should contain the X sex chromosome;
- B. the spermatozoon should contain the Y sex chromosome;
- C. the ovule should contain the contain the Y sex chromosome;
- D. the spermatozoon should contain the X sex chromosome and the ovule should contain the contain the X sex chromosome
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because during fecundation, the female sex of the child is determined by the presence of the X sex chromosome in the spermatozoon and the ovule. This leads to the combination of XX chromosomes, resulting in a female child. Choice A (spermatozoon with X chromosome) alone would lead to a female child, but it requires the ovule to also have an X chromosome for the correct combination. Choice B (spermatozoon with Y chromosome) would result in a male child. Choice C (ovule with Y chromosome) is incorrect as the ovule always contains an X chromosome. Thus, the correct combination for a female child is when the spermatozoon contains the X chromosome and the ovule contains the X chromosome.
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Spermatogonia
- A. are germ cell.
- B. are diploid cell.
- C. are male gametes.
- D. have flagell
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because spermatogonia are indeed germ cells that give rise to sperm cells through the process of spermatogenesis. They are diploid cells, not male gametes. Spermatogonia do not have flagella; instead, mature sperm cells have flagella for motility. So, the correct answer is A because spermatogonia are the precursor cells for sperm cells, they are diploid, and they do not have flagella.
Two days before the onset of menstruation, secretions of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) reach their lowest levels. What is the cause of this low level of secretion?
- A. The anterior pituitary gland becomes unresponsive to the stimulatory effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
- B. Estrogen from the developing follicles exerts a feedback inhibition on the hypothalamus
- C. The rise in body temperature inhibits hypothalamic release of GnRH
- D. Secretion of estrogen, progesterone, and inhibin by the corpus luteum suppresses hypothalamic secretion of GnRH and pituitary secretion of FSH
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because two days before menstruation, the corpus luteum secretes estrogen, progesterone, and inhibin, which collectively suppress the hypothalamus's secretion of GnRH and the pituitary gland's secretion of FSH and LH. This hormonal feedback loop helps prepare the body for menstruation.
A: The anterior pituitary gland becoming unresponsive to GnRH does not explain the low FSH and LH levels.
B: Estrogen from developing follicles typically exerts a positive feedback on the hypothalamus, not inhibitory feedback.
C: The rise in body temperature does not directly impact FSH and LH levels; it is more related to ovulation.
The only movable facial bone is _____________.
- A. Mandible
- B. Maxilla
- C. Vomer
- D. Ethmoid
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Mandible. The mandible is the only movable facial bone as it forms the lower jaw and is connected to the skull by the temporomandibular joint, allowing for movements like chewing and speaking. Maxilla, Vomer, and Ethmoid are all facial bones, but they are fixed in place and do not have the same range of motion as the mandible. Maxilla forms the upper jaw, Vomer is a bone in the nasal cavity, and Ethmoid is a bone between the eyes. Therefore, the mandible is the only bone among the options that is capable of movement, making it the correct answer.
A nurse teaches a male client how to perform a testicular self-exam in an effort to identify lumps that may be present in the testes. What does the nurse teach the client regarding normal testes size?
- A. Both testes should be the same size
- B. One testis is usually larger than the other
- C. One testis usually has a lump; the other does not
- D. Both testes usually have lumps
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: It is normal for one testicle to be slightly larger than the other.
On inspection of the external male genitalia, the nurse notes which finding as abnormal?
- A. The scrotum is covered with dark rugous skin.
- B. The skin covering the penis is hairless and loose.
- C. The urinary meatus is located on the upper surface of the penis.
- D. The left side of the scrotum hangs slightly lower than the right.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the urinary meatus should be located at the tip of the penis, not on the upper surface. This abnormality may indicate a condition like hypospadias. Option A describes normal scrotum skin. Option B describes normal penile skin. Option D describes a normal anatomical variation in scrotal positioning.