Nokea
Frank is a 24 year old man who presents with multiple vesicles and burning erosions on the shaft of his penis and some tender inguinal adenopathy. Which of the following is most likely?
- A. Primary syphilis
- B. Herpes simplex
- C. Chancroid
- D. Gonorrhea
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Herpes simplex. This is because the presentation of multiple vesicles, burning erosions on the penis shaft, and inguinal adenopathy is classic for genital herpes. Primary syphilis (A) presents with a painless chancre, chancroid (C) with painful ulcers, and gonorrhea (D) with urethral discharge or dysuria. Genital herpes is a viral infection caused by HSV-1 or HSV-2 and typically presents with vesicles, erosions, and adenopathy in the affected area.
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You observe a student nurse accomplishing all of these activities while caring for a client who has an intracavitary radioactive implant in place to treat cervical cancer. Which action requires that you intervene immediately?
- A. The student stands next to the client for 5 minutes while assisting with her bath.
- B. The student asks the client how she feels about losing her child-bearing ability.
- C. The student assists the client to the bedside commode for a bowel movement.
- D. The student offers to get the client whatever she would like to eat or drink.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Standing next to the client increases the student's exposure to radiation, requiring immediate correction.
A nurse is taking a health history of a male patient with a possible diagnosis of erectile dysfunction. Which of the following statements made by the patient would the nurse recognize as risk factors for erectile dysfunction?
- A. I have had type 1 diabetes mellitus since I was 8 years old.
- B. I frequently have urinary tract infections.
- C. I am taking medications to control my blood pressure.
- D. I have an enlarged prostate gland.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because type 1 diabetes mellitus is a well-known risk factor for erectile dysfunction due to its impact on blood flow and nerve function. Diabetes can damage blood vessels and nerves that are essential for achieving and maintaining an erection. This patient's long history of type 1 diabetes increases the likelihood of developing erectile dysfunction.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because urinary tract infections, blood pressure medications, and an enlarged prostate gland are not directly associated with erectile dysfunction. Urinary tract infections typically do not affect erectile function, blood pressure medications may have erectile dysfunction as a side effect but are not a direct risk factor, and an enlarged prostate gland is more related to urinary symptoms rather than erectile dysfunction.
During oogenesis, an oogonium ovarian and uterine (menstrual) directly gives rise to ________. cycles?
- A. an ovum
- B. 7 days
- C. a primary oocyte
- D. 14 days
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: 14 days. During oogenesis, the process of ovulation occurs approximately 14 days prior to the start of the next menstrual cycle. This is crucial for timing fertilization and pregnancy. The other choices are incorrect because:
A: an ovum is the mature egg released during ovulation, not directly related to the menstrual cycle.
B: 7 days is not a relevant timeframe in the context of oogenesis and menstrual cycles.
C: a primary oocyte is the initial stage of egg development and needs further maturation before ovulation, not directly linked to the menstrual cycle timing.
The female sex of the child involves the following during fecundation:
- A. the spermatozoon should contain the X sex chromosome;
- B. the spermatozoon should contain the Y sex chromosome;
- C. the ovule should contain the contain the Y sex chromosome;
- D. the spermatozoon should contain the X sex chromosome and the ovule should contain the contain the X sex chromosome
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because during fecundation, the female sex of the child is determined by the presence of the X sex chromosome in the spermatozoon and the ovule. This leads to the combination of XX chromosomes, resulting in a female child. Choice A (spermatozoon with X chromosome) alone would lead to a female child, but it requires the ovule to also have an X chromosome for the correct combination. Choice B (spermatozoon with Y chromosome) would result in a male child. Choice C (ovule with Y chromosome) is incorrect as the ovule always contains an X chromosome. Thus, the correct combination for a female child is when the spermatozoon contains the X chromosome and the ovule contains the X chromosome.
Which of the following statements relating to oestrogen are incorrect
- A. Oestrogen has a positive feedback effect on the hypothalamus
- B. Oestrogen stimulates retention of fluid
- C. Oestrogen stimulates growth of ovaries and follicles
- D. Oestrogen stimulates female body configuration
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because oestrogen actually has a negative feedback effect on the hypothalamus. When oestrogen levels rise, it signals the hypothalamus to stop producing gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which in turn decreases follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) production. This negative feedback loop helps regulate the menstrual cycle. Choices B, C, and D are correct statements about oestrogen. Oestrogen does stimulate retention of fluid, growth of ovaries and follicles, and the development of female body characteristics.