Nokea
In the circulatory system of a fetus, which of the following is greater before birth than after birth?
- A. Arterial Po2
- B. Right atrial pressure
- C. Aortic pressure
- D. Left ventricular pressure
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Right atrial pressure. Before birth, the fetal circulatory system has a shunt called the foramen ovale that allows blood to bypass the lungs, resulting in higher pressure in the right atrium. After birth, when the foramen ovale closes, the right atrial pressure decreases.
Incorrect Choices:
A: Arterial Po2 - Typically, arterial Po2 is lower in the fetus due to the placenta's oxygenation, but it increases after birth.
C: Aortic pressure - Aortic pressure remains relatively stable before and after birth.
D: Left ventricular pressure - Left ventricular pressure increases after birth due to the transition from fetal to neonatal circulation.
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Within each ovary there are thousands of small sacs called
- A. Ova
- B. Graafian follicle
- C. Corpus luteum
- D. Cysts
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Graafian follicle. Within the ovary, thousands of small sacs called follicles develop and grow, with one dominant follicle eventually maturing into a Graafian follicle. This structure contains the ovum (egg) and is released during ovulation. Ova (A) are the mature eggs released from the Graafian follicle. Corpus luteum (C) forms after ovulation and produces hormones to support pregnancy. Cysts (D) are abnormal fluid-filled sacs that can develop in the ovaries, different from the normal follicles.
The male gonads have both sperm-
- A. producing
- B. estrogen functions and are called ________.
- C. progesterone
- D. testes
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why the correct answer is D:
1. Testes are the male gonads responsible for producing sperm.
2. The testes function as the primary reproductive organ in males.
3. Sperm production occurs in the seminiferous tubules within the testes.
4. The testes also produce testosterone, the primary male sex hormone.
Summary of why other choices are incorrect:
A: Producing - While testes do produce sperm, this choice lacks specificity regarding the male gonads.
B: Estrogen functions and are called ________ - Estrogen is a female sex hormone, not produced by male gonads.
C: Progesterone - Progesterone is a female sex hormone produced mainly by the ovaries, not by male gonads.
The internal male genital organs are represented by the following structures, EXCEPT:
- A. testicles;
- B. deferent ducts;
- C. corpora cavernosa;
- D. bulbourethral glands;
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice C (corpora cavernosa) is correct:
1. Corpora cavernosa are erectile tissue in the penis, not internal male genital organs.
2. Testicles, deferent ducts, and bulbourethral glands are actual internal male genital organs.
3. Corpora cavernosa are involved in penile erection, not in male reproductive system functions.
Summary of why other choices are incorrect:
A: Testicles - Produces sperm and male sex hormones.
B: Deferent ducts - Transport sperm from the testicles to the urethra.
D: Bulbourethral glands - Produce pre-ejaculatory fluid to lubricate the urethra.
What is line “C” pointing to?
- A. Bladder
- B. Fimbriae
- C. Ovary
- D. Uterus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Ovary. Line "C" is pointing to the ovary because it is the reproductive organ responsible for producing eggs and hormones in females. The ovary is located near the fimbriae and not the bladder or uterus. The fimbriae are finger-like projections near the ovary that help guide the released egg into the fallopian tube. The bladder is an organ unrelated to reproduction, and the uterus is a separate reproductive organ responsible for housing a developing fetus. Therefore, the correct choice is the ovary as it aligns with the function and location indicated by the diagram.
Mrs. Smith has been doing the arm and hand exercises you showed her until this morning when her husband told her he thought it was too dangerous. The most appropriate nursing action would be to
- A. refer Mr. Smith to the physician
- B. explain the importance of postmastectomy exercises and let him assist Mrs. Smith
- C. ask Mrs. Smith to exercise before and after her husband's visits
- D. take Mr. Smith to the physical therapy department to observe some patients with severe contractures
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Educating the husband and allowing him to assist ensures continued compliance with necessary exercises.