ATI Capstone Pharmacology Assessment

ATI Capstone Pharmacology Assessment Related

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Penicillin's effectiveness against rapidly growing cell is primarily due to its effect on what?

  • A. protein synthesis
  • B. chelation of metal ions
  • C. cell wall synthesis
  • D. cell membrane permeability
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Penicillin is a type of antibiotic that works by disrupting the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. Bacterial cells have a cell wall that provides structural support and protection. The cell wall is composed of peptidoglycan, a complex molecule that gives the cell wall its strength. Penicillin interferes with the formation of peptidoglycan by inhibiting the enzyme transpeptidase, which is essential for cross-linking the peptidoglycan strands. As a result, bacterial cells become more susceptible to osmotic pressure and eventually burst, leading to their death. This mechanism of action is particularly effective against rapidly growing bacterial cells because they are actively synthesizing new cell wall components to keep up with their growth. Thus, penicillin's primary effectiveness against rapidly growing cells is primarily due to its disruption of cell wall synthesis.

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When giving a patient Lithium what is a life threatening side effect?

  • A. Erythema
  • B. Pancreatitis
  • C. Seizures
  • D. Headache
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: One life-threatening side effect of lithium therapy is the risk of seizures. While seizures are a rare side effect, they can occur, especially at higher doses or in patients with a history of seizure disorders. It is important to monitor for any signs of seizures in patients taking lithium and to promptly address any potential neurological symptoms.

What is the pharmacological action of me琀昀ormin?

  • A. Biguanides
  • B. Benzodiazepines
  • C. Nitrates
  • D. Digitalis glycosides
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Metformin belongs to the class of medications known as biguanides. Biguanides work primarily by decreasing glucose production in the liver and increasing insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues, such as muscles. They also help improve glucose uptake and utilization by cells, leading to better control of blood sugar levels. Metformin is commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus and can also be used in the management of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

What is the pharmacological action of metformin?

  • A. Biguanides
  • B. Benzodiazepines
  • C. Nitrates
  • D. Digitalis glycosides
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Metformin belongs to the class of medications known as biguanides. Biguanides work by decreasing glucose production in the liver and also improving insulin sensitivity in the muscles, helping to lower blood sugar levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. Additionally, metformin can also reduce glucose absorption in the intestines and increase glucose uptake in peripheral tissues. Its main pharmacological action is to improve glycemic control and reduce hyperglycemia in patients with diabetes.

A patient with a history of HF presents to the emergency department with difficulty breathing, cough, and edema of the lower extremities. The nurse anticipates administration of which type of medication?

  • A. Positive chronotrope
  • B. Negative chronotrope
  • C. Positive inotrope
  • D. Negative inotrope
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the scenario described, the patient with a history of heart failure (HF) is presenting with symptoms of difficulty breathing, cough, and edema of the lower extremities. These signs and symptoms suggest acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF), which is characterized by a decrease in cardiac output and inadequate tissue perfusion. In this situation, the nurse would anticipate the administration of a positive inotrope medication.

Reye's syndrome, a potentially fatal illness associated with liver failure and encephalopathy is associated with the administration of which over-the-counter (OTC) medication?

  • A. acetaminophen (Tylenol)
  • B. ibuprofen (Motrin)
  • C. aspirin
  • D. brompheniramine/pseudoephedrine (Dimetapp)
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Reye's syndrome is linked to the use of aspirin in children and adolescents, particularly during viral infections. It causes severe liver and brain damage. Acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and antihistamines are not associated with this condition. Avoiding aspirin in pediatric patients is critical to prevent this rare but life-threatening syndrome.

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