Nokea
Which of the following should be monitored for patients taking diuretics? (select all that apply)
- A. Daily weight
- B. Intake and output
- C. Amount and location of edema
- D. Appetite
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A. Daily weight should be monitored for patients taking diuretics because diuretics can cause fluid loss which may lead to weight changes. Fluctuations in weight can indicate changes in fluid balance and help determine the effectiveness of the diuretic therapy.
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Prototype of narcotic analgesic agents:
- A. morphine
- B. codeine
- C. heroin
- D. meperidine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Morphine is the prototype of narcotic analgesic agents. It is a strong opioid analgesic that is commonly used for the relief of severe pain. Morphine acts on the central nervous system to reduce the perception of pain and is often used in medical settings, such as hospitals, to manage post-operative pain or pain associated with certain medical conditions like cancer. Other opioids, such as codeine, heroin, meperidine, and oxycodone, are derived from or related to morphine but may have different or varying levels of potency, side effects, and addiction potential.
Which nursing diagnosis is appropriate for a patient receiving antidysrhythmics?
- A. Risk for infection
- B. Deficient knowledge
- C. Deficient fluid volume
- D. Urinary retention
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The appropriate nursing diagnosis for a patient receiving antidysrhythmics would be Deficient fluid volume. Antidysrhythmics can have side effects such as electrolyte imbalances, which can lead to fluid volume deficit. Monitoring the patient's fluid intake and output is crucial to prevent dehydration and maintain proper electrolyte balance. Therefore, identifying Deficient fluid volume as a nursing diagnosis allows for appropriate interventions to be implemented to address and prevent this potential complication.
When giving a patient Lithium what is a life threatening side effect?
- A. Erythema
- B. Pancreatitis
- C. Seizures
- D. Headache
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: One life-threatening side effect of lithium therapy is the risk of seizures. While seizures are a rare side effect, they can occur, especially at higher doses or in patients with a history of seizure disorders. It is important to monitor for any signs of seizures in patients taking lithium and to promptly address any potential neurological symptoms.
What is the common side effect that is normal with the initial therapy of Nitroglycerine due to increased vasodilation?
- A. Abdominal cramps
- B. Calf
- C. Headache
- D. Blurred vision
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The most common side effect that is normal with the initial therapy of Nitroglycerine due to increased vasodilation is a headache. Nitroglycerine causes vasodilation of blood vessels, including the blood vessels in the head and brain. This can lead to headaches as a result of the increased blood flow and changes in blood vessel diameter. Headaches caused by Nitroglycerine are usually mild and transient. It is important to monitor patients for this expected side effect and educate them about it to ensure compliance with the medication regimen.
The nurse observes a short period of asystole on the cardiac monitor that resolves spontaneously immediately after administering adenosine IV to a patient who was experiencing paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. Which initial action is the most appropriate for the nurse?
- A. Call a code to report a cardiac arrest.
- B. Prepare epinephrine and atropine for intravenous administration.
- C. Initiate cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).
- D. Closely observe the patient and the cardiac monitor.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Adenosine is used to treat paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) by temporarily blocking AV node conduction, which can cause a brief period of asystole. This is an expected effect and typically resolves spontaneously. The nurse should closely monitor the patient and the cardiac monitor for the return of a normal rhythm. Calling a code (A), preparing epinephrine and atropine (B), or initiating CPR (C) is unnecessary unless the asystole persists or the patient becomes unstable.