Nokea
In the investigation of an epidemic, you compare the present frequency of the disease with the usual frequency at this time of the year in this community. This is done during which stage of the investigation?
- A. Establishing the epidemic
- B. Testing the hypothesis
- C. Formulation of the hypothesis
- D. Appraisal of facts
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Establishing the epidemic. During this stage, comparing the present disease frequency with the usual frequency helps determine if there is a significant increase, indicating an epidemic. This step is crucial for recognizing and confirming the outbreak. Testing the hypothesis (B) comes after the epidemic is established. Formulation of the hypothesis (C) involves developing a theory based on observations, not comparing frequencies. Appraisal of facts (D) occurs after data collection, not during the initial comparison.
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Which level of health facility is the usual point of entry for a client into the healthcare delivery system?
- A. Primary
- B. Secondary
- C. Intermediate
- D. Tertiary
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Primary. Primary health facilities, such as clinics or community health centers, are the usual point of entry for clients into the healthcare system. They provide basic healthcare services and act as the first contact for individuals seeking medical care. Clients typically start their healthcare journey at the primary level for initial diagnosis, treatment, and preventive services. Secondary, intermediate, and tertiary facilities offer more specialized and advanced care, but the primary level serves as the foundation for the healthcare delivery system. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they represent higher levels of care that are typically accessed after initial assessment and treatment at the primary level.
Which statement is true of primary facilities?
- A. They are usually government-run.
- B. Their services are provided on an outpatient basis.
- C. They are training facilities for health professionals.
- D. A community hospital is an example of this level of health facility.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Certainly! The correct answer is B because primary facilities typically provide healthcare services on an outpatient basis, focusing on preventive care and initial treatment of common illnesses. This contrasts with secondary and tertiary facilities that offer more specialized and complex care. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because primary facilities are not necessarily government-run, training facilities, or community hospitals, which are generally considered secondary facilities.
On the other hand, Operation Timbang is _____ prevention?
- A. Primary
- B. Secondary
- C. Intermediate
- D. Tertiary
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Secondary. Operation Timbang involves early detection and intervention to prevent the progression of malnutrition, which falls under secondary prevention. Primary prevention aims to prevent the occurrence of a health issue, while tertiary prevention focuses on managing and reducing the impact of an existing health problem. Intermediate prevention is not a recognized category in public health. In summary, Operation Timbang is focused on early detection and intervention, making it a form of secondary prevention.
What is the primary purpose of conducting an epidemiologic investigation?
- A. Delineate the etiology of the epidemic
- B. Encourage cooperation and support of the community
- C. Identify groups at risk of contracting the disease
- D. Identify the geographical locations of disease cases in the community
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The primary purpose of conducting an epidemiologic investigation is to delineate the etiology of the epidemic. This involves studying the causes and risk factors contributing to the outbreak of the disease. Understanding the etiology helps in developing prevention and control strategies. Other choices are incorrect because encouraging cooperation and support of the community (B) and identifying groups at risk (C) are important outcomes but not the primary purpose of the investigation. Similarly, identifying geographical locations of disease cases (D) is essential for mapping the spread but not the main objective of determining the cause.
The public health nurse is the supervisor of rural health midwives. Which of the following is a supervisory function of the public health nurse?
- A. Referring cases or patients to the midwife
- B. Providing technical guidance to the midwife
- C. Providing nursing care to cases referred by the midwife
- D. Formulating and implementing training programs for midwives
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Providing technical guidance to the midwife. This is a supervisory function as it involves overseeing and advising the midwife on technical aspects of their work. This ensures quality and consistency in healthcare delivery. Referring cases (A) is more of a collaborative function. Providing nursing care (C) is a direct care function. Formulating training programs (D) is a managerial function, not a direct supervisory role.