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In a study on the factors contributing to the high mortality rate due to heart diseases in the municipality, which branch of epidemiology is being practiced?
- A. Descriptive
- B. Analytical
- C. Therapeutic
- D. Evaluation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Analytical epidemiology. This branch focuses on investigating the causes and risk factors of diseases, such as heart diseases in the municipality. It involves comparing groups to identify associations and determine causality, which aligns with studying factors contributing to high mortality rates. Descriptive epidemiology (choice A) describes the distribution of diseases but does not delve into causes. Therapeutic epidemiology (choice C) focuses on treatment interventions, not causes. Evaluation epidemiology (choice D) assesses the effectiveness of programs, not specifically causes of diseases.
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Who serves as the Chairman of the Municipal Health Board?
- A. Mayor
- B. Municipal Health Officer
- C. Public Health Nurse
- D. Any qualified physician
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The Mayor serves as the Chairman of the Municipal Health Board because they are the head of the local government and responsible for decision-making. The Mayor has the authority to oversee and lead various municipal departments, including public health. The Municipal Health Officer (Choice B) is responsible for implementing health programs but does not necessarily serve as the Chairman. The Public Health Nurse (Choice C) and Any qualified physician (Choice D) may have important roles within the health board but do not typically hold the position of Chairman.
In family nursing, the typology of family nursing problems is used in the statement of nursing diagnosis for families. The youngest child of the Delos Reyes family has been diagnosed with mental retardation. This is classified as:
- A. Health threat
- B. Health deficit
- C. Foreseeable crisis
- D. Stress point
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Health deficit. Mental retardation in the youngest child of the Delos Reyes family represents a health deficit as it indicates a lack or impairment in the child's cognitive abilities and overall health status. The typology of family nursing problems categorizes issues that require nursing interventions, and a health deficit aligns with the child's developmental delay. A health threat (choice A) typically refers to potential risks to health, which is not the case here as the diagnosis has already been made. Foreseeable crisis (choice C) involves situations that may lead to a crisis but are not yet imminent, which does not apply in this scenario. Stress point (choice D) involves a specific event or situation causing stress, which is not the primary concern in this case.
What process is required for population-focused nursing practice?
- A. Community organizing
- B. Nursing process
- C. Community diagnosis
- D. Epidemiologic process
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Community diagnosis. This process involves assessing the health needs and concerns of a specific population to develop targeted interventions. Community organizing (A) focuses on mobilizing community members for advocacy. The nursing process (B) is a framework for individualized care. Epidemiologic process (D) is about studying disease patterns in populations. Community diagnosis is essential for population-focused nursing as it helps identify priority health issues and develop evidence-based interventions.
Which type of family-nurse contact will provide you with the best opportunity to observe family dynamics?
- A. Clinic consultation
- B. Group conferences
- C. Home visit
- D. Written communication
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Home visit. This type of family-nurse contact offers the best opportunity to observe family dynamics as it allows the nurse to witness interactions, relationships, and environment firsthand. During a home visit, the nurse can observe family members' roles, communication patterns, living conditions, and support systems, providing valuable insights into their dynamics.
A: Clinic consultation limits observation to a brief encounter in a controlled setting.
B: Group conferences involve multiple families, making it challenging to focus on individual family dynamics.
D: Written communication lacks the depth and richness of in-person interactions needed to observe family dynamics accurately.
When the occupational health nurse employs ergonomic principles, they are performing which of their roles?
- A. Health care provider
- B. Health educator
- C. Health care coordinator
- D. Environment manager
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Environment manager. By utilizing ergonomic principles, the occupational health nurse is focusing on designing and managing the work environment to optimize safety and efficiency. This includes adjusting equipment, layout, and processes to prevent injuries and promote well-being. A health care provider (A) focuses on diagnosing and treating health conditions, not environment management. Health educator (B) involves providing information and guidance on health-related topics, not specifically environment management. Health care coordinator (C) involves coordinating care among different healthcare providers, which is not directly related to the application of ergonomic principles in the work environment.