Nokea
Which of the following indicators is used to measure the health status of a population?
- A. Literacy rate
- B. Gross domestic product (GDP)
- C. Infant mortality rate
- D. Employment rate
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Infant mortality rate. This indicator reflects the number of infants who die before reaching one year of age per 1,000 live births. It is a crucial measure of the overall health of a population as it reflects the quality of healthcare, nutrition, and living conditions. High infant mortality rates indicate poor health outcomes and inadequate healthcare services.
A: Literacy rate is not directly related to measuring the health status of a population.
B: GDP measures the economic performance of a country and does not directly reflect the health status of its population.
D: Employment rate is an indicator of the labor market situation, not specifically related to health status measurement.
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What is the purpose of administering Vitamin K to newborns?
- A. To prevent jaundice
- B. To boost the immune system
- C. To prevent bleeding disorders
- D. To enhance bone development
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: To prevent bleeding disorders. Newborns have low levels of Vitamin K, which is essential for blood clotting. Administering Vitamin K at birth helps prevent a rare but serious condition called Vitamin K deficiency bleeding. Choice A is incorrect because Vitamin K does not prevent jaundice. Choice B is incorrect as Vitamin K does not boost the immune system. Choice D is incorrect as Vitamin K does not enhance bone development. Administering Vitamin K to newborns is crucial for preventing bleeding issues.
Which of the following conditions is a contraindication for breastfeeding?
- A. Maternal HIV infection
- B. Maternal diabetes
- C. Maternal anemia
- D. Maternal hypertension
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Maternal HIV infection. Breastfeeding is contraindicated in mothers with HIV due to the risk of transmission to the infant through breast milk. HIV can be transmitted through breast milk even if the mother is on antiretroviral therapy. Maternal diabetes, anemia, and hypertension are not contraindications for breastfeeding as long as they are well managed. Breastfeeding is actually beneficial in managing diabetes and anemia. Hypertensive mothers can breastfeed unless there are complications that require specific medications that may be unsafe for the infant.
Which of the following is an essential component of prenatal care?
- A. Routine immunizations
- B. Nutritional counseling
- C. Surgical interventions
- D. Radiologic exams
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Nutritional counseling. Prenatal care focuses on ensuring the health of both the mother and the developing baby. Proper nutrition is essential for the well-being of both, as it supports the baby's growth and development and helps prevent complications for the mother. Nutritional counseling provides guidance on maintaining a balanced diet, taking necessary supplements, and managing any dietary restrictions during pregnancy. Routine immunizations (A) are important but not typically a primary component of prenatal care. Surgical interventions (C) and radiologic exams (D) are generally avoided during pregnancy unless absolutely necessary due to potential risks to the fetus. Therefore, B is the most essential component for prenatal care.
Which of the following is a contraindication for the administration of live vaccines?
- A. Mild upper respiratory infection
- B. Previous allergic reaction to the vaccine
- C. Current antibiotic therapy
- D. Family history of allergies
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Previous allergic reaction to the vaccine. This is a contraindication for live vaccines because individuals with a history of allergic reactions to a specific vaccine are at a higher risk of developing severe allergic reactions upon re-administration. It is crucial to avoid administering live vaccines to these individuals to prevent potential life-threatening complications.
Incorrect Choices:
A: Mild upper respiratory infection - This is not a contraindication for live vaccines as it is a mild and temporary condition that does not affect vaccine administration.
C: Current antibiotic therapy - This is not a contraindication for live vaccines as antibiotics do not interfere with live vaccine effectiveness.
D: Family history of allergies - While a family history of allergies may increase the risk of developing allergies, it is not a direct contraindication for live vaccines as long as the individual themselves does not have a history of allergic reactions to the specific vaccine.
Which of the following is an essential nutrient required for preventing neural tube defects?
- A. Iron
- B. Vitamin C
- C. Calcium
- D. Folic acid
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Folic acid. Folic acid is essential for preventing neural tube defects because it plays a crucial role in DNA synthesis and cell division, particularly during early fetal development. Adequate folic acid intake before and during pregnancy can significantly reduce the risk of neural tube defects. Iron (A), Vitamin C (B), and Calcium (C) are important nutrients for overall health but do not have a direct role in preventing neural tube defects. Iron is vital for red blood cell production, Vitamin C is an antioxidant that supports the immune system, and Calcium is essential for bone health. However, for preventing neural tube defects specifically, folic acid is the essential nutrient.