Nokea
A vegetarian diet that includes dairy foods and eggs is known as:
- A. lactovegetarian.
- B. vegan.
- C. semi-vegetarian.
- D. ovolactovegetarian.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct term for a vegetarian diet that includes both dairy foods and eggs is 'ovolactovegetarian.' This term specifically indicates the inclusion of eggs ('ovo') and dairy ('lacto') in the diet. Choice A, 'lactovegetarian,' is incorrect because it only includes dairy products without eggs. Choice B, 'vegan,' is incorrect as it excludes all animal products, including dairy and eggs. Choice C, 'semi-vegetarian,' is incorrect as it is a term used for individuals who occasionally eat meat, poultry, or fish but primarily follow a plant-based diet.
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Which of the following is an example of a complete protein?
- A. Milk
- B. Soy
- C. Sesame seeds
- D. Sweet potato
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, Milk. Milk is considered a complete protein as it contains all the essential amino acids required by the body. Soy (choice B) is also a complete protein, containing all essential amino acids. Sesame seeds (choice C) and sweet potato (choice D) are not complete proteins as they lack one or more essential amino acids needed by the body.
Which of the following is an example of a plasma protein?
- A. Collagen.
- B. Myosin.
- C. Albumin.
- D. Phospholipid.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, albumin. Albumin is a plasma protein that plays a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance in the blood. Collagen (choice A) is a structural protein found in connective tissues, not a plasma protein. Myosin (choice B) is a protein involved in muscle contraction, not found in the blood plasma. Phospholipid (choice D) is a type of lipid molecule, not a protein present in plasma.
How can cholesterol absorption be decreased?
- A. Vitamin K.
- B. Plant sterols.
- C. Trans fats.
- D. Phospholipids.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Plant sterols. Plant sterols can reduce cholesterol absorption by competing with cholesterol for absorption sites. Vitamin K, choice A, does not have a significant impact on cholesterol absorption. Trans fats, choice C, are known to increase cholesterol levels rather than decrease absorption. Phospholipids, choice D, play a role in cell structure and are not directly involved in reducing cholesterol absorption.
What is the most prevalent dietary disaccharide?
- A. Lactose
- B. Fructose
- C. Sucrose
- D. Galactose
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sucrose is the correct answer as it is the most common disaccharide found in the diet, commonly known as table sugar. Lactose is a disaccharide found in dairy products, not as prevalent in the overall diet as sucrose. Fructose is a monosaccharide commonly found in fruits and honey, not a disaccharide. Galactose is a monosaccharide commonly found in dairy products and is not the most prevalent dietary disaccharide.
In which individual does negative nitrogen balance occur?
- A. Adult who engages in a weight-training program.
- B. Woman who is pregnant or lactating.
- C. Child who is growing.
- D. Older adult with anorexia.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Negative nitrogen balance occurs when the body loses more nitrogen than it gains. This imbalance is often seen in conditions like anorexia in older adults, where insufficient protein intake leads to muscle breakdown and negative nitrogen balance. Choices A, B, and C do not typically lead to negative nitrogen balance as seen in anorexia in older adults.