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A nurse is preparing dietary instructions for a client who has episodes of biliary colic from chronic cholecystitis. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching plan?
- A. Avoid foods high in fat.
- B. Avoid foods high in carbohydrates.
- C. Eat a high-protein, low-fat diet.
- D. Increase intake of high-fat foods.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Avoid foods high in fat. Biliary colic is caused by gallstones, and high-fat foods can trigger gallbladder contractions leading to pain. Therefore, advising the client to avoid foods high in fat can help prevent biliary colic episodes. Choice B is incorrect as carbohydrates do not directly affect biliary colic. Choice C is incorrect because while a high-protein, low-fat diet may be beneficial for some conditions, it is not specifically recommended for biliary colic. Choice D is incorrect as increasing intake of high-fat foods can worsen symptoms.
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A nurse is presenting a community-based program about HIV and AIDS. A client asks the nurse to describe the initial symptoms experienced with HIV infection. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse include in the explanation of initial symptoms?
- A. Abdominal cramps and diarrhea
- B. Persistent cough and chest pain
- C. Flu-like symptoms and night sweats
- D. Severe fatigue and weight loss
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Flu-like symptoms and night sweats. Initial symptoms of HIV infection often resemble flu-like symptoms such as fever, fatigue, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, and night sweats. This occurs because the virus is rapidly replicating in the body and the immune system is reacting to it. The other choices, abdominal cramps and diarrhea (A), persistent cough and chest pain (B), and severe fatigue and weight loss (D), are more commonly associated with later stages of HIV infection or other conditions. Therefore, the nurse should include flu-like symptoms and night sweats in the explanation of initial symptoms to accurately inform the client.
A nurse is providing teaching for a client who has hypertension and a prescription change from metoprolol to metoprolol/hydrochlorothiazide. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. With the new medication, I should experience fewer side effects.
- B. I can expect an increase in my blood pressure.
- C. I should expect the medication to work immediately.
- D. I will stop taking the medication when I feel better.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. By stating that with the new medication, the client should experience fewer side effects, the client demonstrates understanding that the addition of hydrochlorothiazide may help reduce side effects compared to taking metoprolol alone. This indicates comprehension of the teaching provided by the nurse.
Choice B is incorrect because the client should not expect an increase in blood pressure with the new medication regimen.
Choice C is incorrect as it typically takes time for medications to reach their full effectiveness, so immediate results are not expected.
Choice D is incorrect because stopping medication when feeling better can lead to a worsening of hypertension and other health issues.
Overall, choice A is the best response as it shows an understanding of the medication change and its potential benefits.
A nurse is reviewing discharge instructions with a client following a right cataract extraction. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Avoid lifting anything heavier than 4.5 kg (10 lb) for 1 week.
- B. Avoid reading for 1 week.
- C. Limit eye movements for 1 week.
- D. Do not bend forward at the waist for 1 week.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Avoid lifting anything heavier than 4.5 kg (10 lb) for 1 week. This is important to prevent increased intraocular pressure that could lead to complications post cataract surgery. Lifting heavy objects can strain the eye and potentially disrupt the healing process.
B: Avoid reading for 1 week is incorrect as reading does not significantly impact intraocular pressure or the healing process post cataract surgery.
C: Limit eye movements for 1 week is incorrect as normal eye movements do not typically pose a risk to the surgical site after cataract extraction.
D: Do not bend forward at the waist for 1 week is incorrect as bending at the waist does not directly affect intraocular pressure or the healing of the eye after cataract surgery.
A nurse is performing an ECG on a client who is experiencing chest pain. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?
- A. I will need to apply electrodes to your chest and extremities.
- B. You may feel some discomfort during the procedure.
- C. The procedure will take about an hour.
- D. We need to monitor your heart rate continuously after the procedure.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Applying electrodes to the chest and extremities is necessary for a complete ECG recording. Electrodes are placed strategically to capture electrical activity of the heart. This statement informs the client about the procedure and ensures accurate results. Other options are incorrect because discomfort during the procedure is subjective and not guaranteed (B), an ECG typically takes only a few minutes, not an hour (C), and continuous heart rate monitoring is not required post-procedure unless indicated by the results (D).
A nurse is planning an educational program about basal cell carcinoma. Which of the following information should the nurse plan to include?
- A. Basal cell carcinoma has a low incidence of metastasis.
- B. Basal cell carcinoma often spreads to lymph nodes.
- C. Basal cell carcinoma is most common in young adults.
- D. Basal cell carcinoma is curable with chemotherapy.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Basal cell carcinoma has a low incidence of metastasis. This should be included in the educational program because basal cell carcinoma rarely metastasizes. Metastasis is the spread of cancer from the original site to other parts of the body, and in the case of basal cell carcinoma, it tends to remain localized. This information is crucial for patients to understand the prognosis and treatment options.
Explanation of why other choices are incorrect:
B: Basal cell carcinoma often spreads to lymph nodes - This statement is incorrect as basal cell carcinoma typically does not spread to lymph nodes.
C: Basal cell carcinoma is most common in young adults - Basal cell carcinoma is more common in older individuals, typically over the age of 50.
D: Basal cell carcinoma is curable with chemotherapy - While chemotherapy may be a treatment option for some cases of basal cell carcinoma, it is not the primary treatment and not always curative.