Wongs Essentials of Pediatric Nursing 11th Edition Test Bank

Wongs Essentials of Pediatric Nursing 11th Edition Test Bank Related

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60 year-old Mrs. Torres arrived just in time for her doctor's appointment. She complains of pain and stiffness in her back. She is suspected of having osteoporosis. Nurse Ariane will inform Mrs. Torres that the primary complication of osteoporosis is:

  • A. Increased trabeculae
  • B. poor posture
  • C. chronic pain
  • D. fractures
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The primary complication of osteoporosis is fractures. Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue, leading to increased bone fragility and susceptibility to fractures. Fractures, especially in the spine, hip, and wrist, are common complications of osteoporosis and can significantly impact an individual's quality of life. Patients with osteoporosis are at an increased risk of fractures from minor trauma or even during normal daily activities. Therefore, preventing fractures is a key focus in the management of osteoporosis to minimize pain, disability, and complications associated with bone fractures.

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A client has cancer that has me tastasized to her bones. She is complaining of increased thirst, polyuria and decreased muscle tone. Her lab values are: Na 139mEq/L, k 4 mEq/L, Cl 103 mEq/L, and Ca 8 mg/dl. What electrolyte imbalance is present?

  • A. Hypocalcemia
  • B. Hyperkalemia
  • C. Hypercalcemia
  • D. Hypochloremia
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The patient's symptoms of increased thirst, polyuria, decreased muscle tone, and the lab value of high calcium (8 mg/dl) indicate hypercalcemia. Hypercalcemia is commonly seen in cancer patients due to cancer metastasis to the bones, leading to the release of calcium. The other electrolyte levels (sodium, potassium, and chloride) are within normal range, ruling out other electrolyte imbalances. Multiple myeloma is a common malignancy associated with bone metastases and hypercalcemia. Symptoms of hypercalcemia may include thirst, frequent urination, weakness, confusion, and muscle pain. Treatment of hypercalcemia may involve hydration, loop diuretics, bisphosphonates, and addressing the underlying cause.

The nurse is caring for a child with acute renal failure. Which clinical manifestation should the nurse recognize as a sign of hyperkalemia?

  • A. Dyspnea
  • B. Seizure
  • C. Oliguria
  • D. Cardiac arrhythmia
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Hyperkalemia is a condition characterized by elevated levels of potassium in the blood. This can have serious effects on the heart, leading to cardiac arrhythmias which can be life-threatening. In acute renal failure, the kidneys are not able to properly regulate potassium levels in the blood, leading to a potential buildup of potassium, resulting in hyperkalemia. The nurse should recognize cardiac arrhythmias as a critical sign of hyperkalemia in a child with acute renal failure and take prompt action to address this electrolyte imbalance. Dyspnea, seizure, and oliguria are not typically directly correlated with hyperkalemia.

According to developmental theories, which event is essential to toddler development?

  • A. Learning to feed oneself.
  • B. Developing friendships.
  • C. Learning to walk.
  • D. Being potty-trained.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The mastery of toilet training is considered a key developmental milestone during the toddler period.

Nursing assessment for a patient with metabolic alkalosis includes evaluation of laboratory data for all of the following except:

  • A. Hypocalcemia
  • B. Hypokalemia
  • C. Hypoglycemia
  • D. Hypoxemia
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Nursing assessment for a patient with metabolic alkalosis includes evaluation of laboratory data for hypocalcemia, hypokalemia, and hypoxemia as these are commonly associated with this acid-base imbalance. Hypoglycemia, on the other hand, is not typically linked with metabolic alkalosis and is not commonly assessed in this context. Therefore, hypoglycemia would not be a key focus of nursing assessment in a patient with metabolic alkalosis.

The nurse is using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) growth chart for an African-American child. Which statement should the nurse consider?

  • A. This growth chart should not be used.
  • B. Growth patterns of African-American children are the same as for all other ethnic groups.
  • C. A correction factor is necessary when the CDC growth chart is used for non- Caucasian ethnic groups.
  • D. The CDC charts are accurate for US African-American children.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct statement for the nurse to consider is that a correction factor is necessary when the CDC growth chart is used for non-Caucasian ethnic groups. This is because the CDC growth charts were primarily developed using data from Caucasian children. Research has shown that children from different ethnic backgrounds may have differences in growth patterns compared to Caucasian children. Therefore, when using the CDC growth chart for African-American children or other ethnic groups, a correction factor may need to be applied to ensure accurate growth assessment and monitoring.

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