Nokea
A 10-month-old looks for objects that have been removed from his view. The nurse should instruct the parents that:
- A. Neuromuscular development enables the child to reach out and grasp objects.
- B. The child's curiosity has increased.
- C. The child understands the permanence of objects even though the child cannot see them.
- D. The child is now able to transfer objects from hand to hand.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: This behavior indicates object permanence, a cognitive milestone typically achieved around 9-12 months.
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After teaching the parents of an infant with clubfoot about the condition and its management, which of the following statements by a parent indicates a need for additional teaching?
- A. My child will need several casts over a period of weeks to months.'
- B. Surgery may be needed if casting does not fully correct the foot.'
- C. The cast should be kept clean and dry at all times.'
- D. I should adjust the cast if it seems too tight.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Parents should not adjust the cast themselves, as this could disrupt treatment; they should contact a healthcare provider if the cast seems too tight.
Parents of a 15-year-old state that he is moody and rude. The nurse should advise his parents to:
- A. Restrict his activities.
- B. Discuss their feelings with their child.
- C. Obtain family counseling.
- D. Talk to other parents of adolescents.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Open communication helps address adolescent moodiness and fosters understanding.
A 1-year-old child is scheduled for surgery to correct hypospadias and chordee. The nurse explains to the parents that this is the preferred time for surgical repair based on which of the following?
- A. At this age, the child will experience less pain.
- B. The child is too young to have developed castration anxiety.
- C. The child will not remember the surgical experience.
- D. The repair is easier to perform after the child is toilet trained.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Younger children may not remember the experience.
After the acute stage following an ingestion of drain cleaner by a child, the nurse should be alert for the development of which of the following as a likely complication?
- A. Tracheal stenosis.
- B. Tracheal varices.
- C. Esophageal strictures.
- D. Esophageal diverticula.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Corrosive ingestion can scar the esophagus, leading to strictures. Tracheal complications are less common unless the airway is directly affected, and diverticula are not typical.
The nurse assesses the child with chronic renal failure who is receiving peritoneal dialysis for edema. Which finding is expected for this child?
- A. Absence of pulmonary crackles.
- B. Increased dialysate outflow.
- C. Normal blood pressure.
- D. Pallor.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pallor is common in chronic conditions.