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Which of the following should the nurse include in the plan of care for an infant with severe diarrhea to prevent skin breakdown?
- A. Changing diapers every 4 hours.
- B. Applying a petroleum-based ointment.
- C. Using harsh soaps for cleaning.
- D. Keeping the skin exposed to air.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Petroleum-based ointment protects the skin from irritation due to frequent stools.
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When developing the discharge teaching plan for the parents of a child who has undergone a cardiac catheterization for ventricular septal defect, which of the following should the nurse expect to include?
- A. Restriction of the child's activities for the next 3 weeks.
- B. Use of sponge baths until the stitches are removed.
- C. Use of prophylactic antibiotics before receiving any dental work.
- D. Maintenance of a pressure dressing until a return visit with the physician.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Prophylactic antibiotics are recommended before dental procedures for children with ventricular septal defects to prevent endocarditis. Activity restrictions are typically shorter, stitches are not always used, and pressure dressings are removed sooner.
Initiation of which of the following immunizations is recommended prior to the adolescent entering college?
- A. Diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis (DTaP).
- B. Varicella.
- C. Meningococcal.
- D. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV).
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Meningococcal vaccine is recommended before college due to increased risk in dormitories.
When developing the plan of care for an infant with myelomeningocele and the parents who have just been informed of the infant's diagnosis, which action should the nurse include as the priority when the parents visit the infant for the first time?
- A. Emphasizing the infant's normal and positive features.
- B. Encouraging the parents to discuss their fears and concerns.
- C. Reinforcing the doctor's explanation of the defect.
- D. Having the parents feed their infant.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Highlighting normal features helps parents bond with their infant and fosters a positive perception, which is critical initially after a diagnosis.
Which development is necessary for toilet training readiness for a 2-year-old? Select all that apply.
- A. Adequate neuromuscular development for sphincter control.
- B. Appropriate chronological age.
- C. Ability to communicate the need to use the toilet.
- D. Desire to please the parents.
- E. Ability to play with other 2-year-olds.
Correct Answer: A,C,D
Rationale: Neuromuscular control, communication, and motivation are key for toilet training readiness.
Which of the following foods should the nurse encourage the mother to offer to her child with iron deficiency anemia?
- A. Rice cereal, whole milk, and yellow vegetables.
- B. Potato, peas, and chicken.
- C. Macaroni, cheese, and ham.
- D. Pudding, green vegetables, and rice.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chicken and peas are iron-rich, supporting anemia treatment. Other options lack sufficient iron sources.