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A 12-year-old with asthma wants to exercise. Which of the following activities should the nurse suggest to improve her breathing?
- A. Soccer.
- B. Swimming.
- C. Track.
- D. Gymnastics.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Swimming is recommended for children with asthma because the warm, humid environment reduces airway irritation and bronchoconstriction. It also promotes controlled breathing, improving respiratory function.
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The mother of a toddler with nephrotic syndrome asks the nurse what can be done about the child's swollen eyes. Which measure should the nurse suggest?
- A. Applying cool compresses to the child's eyes.
- B. Elevating the head of the child's bed.
- C. Applying eye drops every 8 hours.
- D. Limiting the child's television watching.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Elevation reduces swelling.
The parent of an infant with a cleft lip and palate asks the nurse when the infant's cleft palate will be repaired. The nurse should respond that the first repair of a cleft palate is usually done at which of the following times?
- A. Before the eruption of teeth.
- B. When the child weighs approximately 10 kg (22 lb).
- C. Before the development of speech.
- D. After the child learns to drink from a cup.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cleft palate repair is typically performed before speech development (around 12-18 months) to optimize speech outcomes.
A nurse is assessing an 8-year-old with diabetes who is experiencing hyperglycemia. Which symptom[s] indicate(s) that the hyperglycemia requires immediate intervention? Select all that apply.
- A. Weakness.
- B. Thirst.
- C. Shakiness.
- D. Hunger.
- E. Headache.
- F. Irritability.
- G. Dizziness.
Correct Answer: B,E,F
Rationale: Thirst, headache, and irritability are hallmark symptoms of hyperglycemia progressing to diabetic ketoacidosis, requiring immediate intervention. Weakness, shakiness, hunger, and dizziness suggest hypoglycemia instead.
Which of the following actions initiated by the parents of an 8-month-old indicates they need further teaching about preventing childhood accidents?
- A. Placing a fire screen in front of the fireplace.
- B. Placing a car seat in a front-seat, front-facing position.
- C. Inspecting toys for loose parts.
- D. Placing toxic substances out of reach or in a locked cabinet.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A front-seat, front-facing car seat is unsafe for an 8-month-old; rear-facing in the back seat is recommended.
When developing the preoperative plan of care for an infant with Hirschsprung's disease, which of the following should the nurse include?
- A. Administering a tap water enema.
- B. Inserting a gastrostomy tube.
- C. Inserting a rectal tube.
- D. Using povidone-iodine solution to prepare the perineum.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A rectal tube may help relieve obstruction preoperatively in Hirschsprung's disease.