Nokea
A 2-year-old girl presents with a seizure and fever of 102°F. No focal neurologic signs are noted. Most likely diagnosis is:
- A. Epilepsy
- B. Febrile seizure
- C. Meningitis
- D. Brain tumor
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Febrile seizure is common in toddlers with fever and no focal signs, per AAP. A, C-E have additional features.
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Biological causes of mild mental retardation includes all of the following except:
- A. Excessive fetal movements
- B. Maternal drug use
- C. Perinatal insults
- D. Sex chromosomal abnormalities
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Excessive fetal movements aren’t a recognized cause of mild mental retardation; they’re nonspecific. B-E are established contributors (CDC).
A 2-year-old boy presents with fever and a stiff neck. CSF analysis shows gram-positive cocci. Most likely diagnosis is:
- A. Viral meningitis
- B. Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis
- C. Haemophilus influenzae meningitis
- D. Neisseria meningitidis meningitis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: S. pneumoniae meningitis is a common cause of bacterial meningitis with gram-positive cocci in CSF, per AAP. A, C-E differ in etiology or CSF findings.
A nurse is caring for a child following surgical removal of a brain tumor. The nurse is monitoring the child and notes that the pulse rate has increased and the blood pressure has dropped significantly. Bloody drainage is also noted on the posterior dressing. The initial nursing action is to:
- A. Recheck the vital signs in 1 hour
- B. Place the child in Trendelenburg's position
- C. Document the findings
- D. Notify the registered nurse (RN)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Increased pulse, low BP, and bloody drainage suggest hemorrhage or ICP; notify RN (D) immediately. Waiting (A), Trendelenburg (B), or documenting only (C) delays care. Document: 'Most tumors create increased ICP… [requiring] immediate action.'
Infants in whom cephalhematomas develop are at increased risk for
- A. Infection
- B. Jaundice
- C. Seizures
- D. Fractures
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Jaundice B is a risk due to blood breakdown in cephalhematomas, per document p5, 1.
A 3-year-old with a head injury should be monitored for
- A. Pupil response
- B. Breathing
- C. Consciousness
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: All D assess head injury, per document p47, 0.