Nokea
A 5-year-old girl presents with hematuria and hypertension. Ultrasound shows a renal mass. Most likely diagnosis is:
- A. Nephrotic syndrome
- B. Wilms tumor
- C. Polycystic kidney disease
- D. Renal vein thrombosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Wilms tumor presents with hematuria, hypertension, and a renal mass, per NCI. A, C-E have different features.
You may also like to solve these questions
A child with nephrotic syndrome requires
- A. High-protein diet
- B. Low-salt diet
- C. Steroids
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: All D manage nephrotic syndrome, per document p60, 3.
Which drug will you prepare for a child with convulsions in the ER?
- A. Ampicillin
- B. Chloroquine
- C. Hydrocortisone
- D. Phenobarbital
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Phenobarbital D is the anticonvulsant for seizures, per document 6.
A child is diagnosed with hypoalbuminemia. Her total serum calcium level is normal. Most likely associated finding that may be missed is:
- A. Hypocalcemia
- B. Hypercalcuria
- C. Hypomagnesemia
- D. Hypercalcemia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hypoalbuminemia lowers bound calcium; a normal total calcium suggests hypercalcemia in ionized form, often missed (UpToDate). A-C, E don’t fit.
The nurse is explaining to a 17-year-old female the actions to prevent urinary tract infection. The nurse determines the adolescent understands the information when she says a good drink to keep urine acidic is:
- A. Milk
- B. Grape juice
- C. Apple juice
- D. Orange juice
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Apple juice (C) acidifies urine, deterring UTIs. Milk (A) is neutral, grape (B) less effective, and orange (D) is acidic but less cited. Document: 'Juices such as apple or cranberry help maintain acidity of urine.'
An adolescent who is brought to the emergency department (ED) by his parents has the following symptoms: periumbilical pain that peaks at 4-hour intervals followed by right lower quadrant pain, which is followed by vomiting. Based on these data, which condition does the nurse suspect?
- A. Meckel's diverticulum
- B. Omphalitis
- C. Appendicitis
- D. Ulcerative colitis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Periumbilical pain shifting to the right lower quadrant (McBurney’s point) with vomiting is characteristic of appendicitis . Meckel’s diverticulum may cause bleeding, omphalitis is umbilical infection, and ulcerative colitis involves chronic diarrhea, not acute localized pain.