Nokea
Most common complication of untreated congenital adrenal hyperplasia is:
- A. Adrenal crisis
- B. Sexual infantilism
- C. Hirsutism
- D. Precocious puberty
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Adrenal crisis is the most serious complication of untreated CAH due to cortisol deficiency, per AAP (doc p148, Q558).
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A 6-month-old infant presents with wheezing and tachypnea. Chest x-ray shows perihilar infiltrates. Most likely diagnosis is:
- A. Pneumonia
- B. Bronchiolitis
- C. Cystic fibrosis
- D. Asthma
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bronchiolitis features wheezing and perihilar infiltrates, per AAP. A, C-E differ.
Infants in whom cephalhematomas develop are at increased risk for
- A. Infection
- B. Jaundice
- C. Seizures
- D. Fractures
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Jaundice B is a risk due to blood breakdown in cephalhematomas, per document p5, 1.
A child with nephrotic syndrome requires
- A. High-protein diet
- B. Low-salt diet
- C. Steroids
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: All D manage nephrotic syndrome, per document p60, 3.
A nurse is caring for a child following surgical removal of a brain tumor. The nurse is monitoring the child and notes that the pulse rate has increased and the blood pressure has dropped significantly. Bloody drainage is also noted on the posterior dressing. The initial nursing action is to:
- A. Recheck the vital signs in 1 hour
- B. Place the child in Trendelenburg's position
- C. Document the findings
- D. Notify the registered nurse (RN)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Increased pulse, low BP, and bloody drainage suggest hemorrhage or ICP; notify RN (D) immediately. Waiting (A), Trendelenburg (B), or documenting only (C) delays care. Document: 'Most tumors create increased ICP… [requiring] immediate action.'
A 3-month-old infant presents with tachypnea and poor feeding. Chest x-ray shows cardiomegaly and pulmonary edema. Most likely diagnosis is:
- A. Pneumonia
- B. Congestive heart failure
- C. Bronchiolitis
- D. Cystic fibrosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: CHF shows cardiomegaly and edema, per AHA. A, C-E differ.