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A 3-year-old girl presents with recurrent ear infections and speech delay. Audiometry shows conductive hearing loss. Most likely diagnosis is:
- A. Sensorineural hearing loss
- B. Otitis media with effusion
- C. Cholesteatoma
- D. Mastoiditis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: OME causes conductive loss post-infections, per AAP. A, C-E differ.
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Most common cause of Cushing syndrome in children is:
- A. Adrenal tumor
- B. Pituitary adenoma
- C. Exogenous steroids
- D. Ectopic ACTH syndrome
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Exogenous steroids are the most common cause of Cushing syndrome in children, per AAP (doc p150, Q590).
A 3-month-old infant presents with poor feeding and hypotonia. MRI shows periventricular leukomalacia. Most likely diagnosis is:
- A. Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
- B. Congenital infection
- C. Metabolic disorder
- D. Trauma
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: HIE causes leukomalacia, per AAP. B-E differ.
Infants in whom cephalhematomas develop are at increased risk for
- A. Infection
- B. Jaundice
- C. Seizures
- D. Fractures
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Jaundice B is a risk due to blood breakdown in cephalhematomas, per document p5, 1.
Immediate priority for a 6-year-old with pneumonia is
- A. Nutrition
- B. Medication
- C. Reassurance
- D. Rest
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rest D reduces respiratory demand, per document p18, 4.
The best growth chart indicator in patients with acute malnutrition is:
- A. Body mass index (BMI)
- B. Body weight
- C. Weight-for-height
- D. Head circumference
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Weight-for-height best detects acute malnutrition (wasting), per WHO. BMI is less specific in kids, and B-D assess other aspects.