Nokea
A 2-year-old is brought to the clinic by her mother who tells the nurse her daughter has diarrhea and the child is complaining of pain in her stomach. The mother says that the little girl had not eaten anything unusual, consuming homemade chicken strips and carrot sticks the evening prior. Which bacterial infection would the nurse suspect this little girl of contracting?
- A. Escherichia coli
- B. Salmonella
- C. Shigella
- D. Giardia lamblia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Salmonella is commonly associated with poultry, causing diarrhea and abdominal pain. E. coli is linked to undercooked beef, Shigella to fecal-oral transmission, and Giardia to contaminated water.
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The nurse places a patient in isolation. Isolation techniques have the potential to break the chain of infection by interfering with what component of the chain of infection?
- A. Mode of transmission
- B. Agent
- C. Susceptible host
- D. Portal of entry
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Isolation prevents pathogen spread by blocking the mode of transmission. It does not directly affect the agent, host, or portal of entry.
What is the best rationale for health care providers receiving the influenza vaccination on a yearly basis?
- A. To decreased nurses susceptibility to health care-associated infections
- B. To decrease risk of transmission to vulnerable patients
- C. To eventually eradicate the influenza virus in the United States
- D. To prevent the emergence of drug-resistant strains of the influenza virus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Annual influenza vaccination reduces transmission to vulnerable patients. It does not prevent healthcare-associated infections, eradicate influenza, or stop drug-resistant strains.
The nurse receives a phone call from a clinic patient who experienced fever and slight dyspnea several hours after receiving the pneumococcus vaccine. What is the nurses most appropriate action?
- A. Instruct the patient to call 911.
- B. Inform the patient that this is an expected response to vaccination.
- C. Encourage the patient to take NSAIDs until symptoms are relieved.
- D. Ensure that the adverse reaction is reported.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Fever and dyspnea post-vaccination require reporting via VAERS for monitoring. These are not expected reactions, and NSAIDs or 911 calls are not the first steps.
A patient is alarmed that she has tested positive for MRSA following culture testing during her admission to the hospital. What should the nurse teach the patient about this diagnostic finding?
- A. There are promising treatments for MRSA, so this is no cause for serious concern.
- B. This doesnt mean that you have an infection; it shows that the bacteria live on one of your skin surfaces.
- C. The vast majority of patients in the hospital test positive for MRSA, but the infection doesnt normally cause serious symptoms.
- D. This finding is only preliminary, and your doctor will likely order further testing.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Positive MRSA culture indicates colonization, not necessarily infection. It is not preliminary, nor is it true that most patients test positive or that treatments eliminate concern.
A clinic nurse is caring for a male patient diagnosed with gonorrhea who has been prescribed ceftriaxone and doxycycline. The patient asks why he is receiving two antibiotics. What is the nurses best response?
- A. There are many drug-resistant strains of gonorrhea, so more than one antibiotic may be required for successful treatment.
- B. The combination of these two antibiotics reduces the later risk of reinfection.
- C. Many people infected with gonorrhea are infected with chlamydia as well.
- D. This combination of medications will eradicate the infection twice as fast than a single antibiotic.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Dual therapy with ceftriaxone and doxycycline targets common co-infection with chlamydia in gonorrhea patients. It does not primarily address resistance, reinfection, or speed of cure.