Nokea
A nurse who provides care in a busy ED is in contact with hundreds of patients each year. The nurse has a responsibility to receive what vaccine?
- A. Hepatitis B vaccine
- B. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine
- C. Clostridium difficile vaccine
- D. Staphylococcus aureus vaccine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hepatitis B vaccine is essential for healthcare workers due to exposure risk to bloodborne pathogens. HPV is sexually transmitted, and no vaccines exist for C. difficile or S. aureus.
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Family members are caring for a patient with HIV in the patients home. What should the nurse encourage family members to do to reduce the risk of infection transmission?
- A. Use caution when shaving the patient.
- B. Use separate dishes for the patient.
- C. Use separate bed linens for the patient.
- D. Disinfect the patients bedclothes regularly.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Caution during shaving prevents exposure to HIV via blood. Separate dishes, linens, or disinfection are unnecessary unless blood contamination occurs.
A male patient comes to the clinic and is diagnosed with gonorrhea. Which symptom most likely prompted him to seek medical attention?
- A. Rashes on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet
- B. Cauliflower-like warts on the penis
- C. Painful, red papules on the shaft of the penis
- D. Foul-smelling discharge from the penis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Foul-smelling penile discharge is a hallmark symptom of gonorrhea, often accompanied by painful urination. Rashes indicate syphilis, warts suggest HPV, and painful papules are associated with herpes.
A 2-year-old is brought to the clinic by her mother who tells the nurse her daughter has diarrhea and the child is complaining of pain in her stomach. The mother says that the little girl had not eaten anything unusual, consuming homemade chicken strips and carrot sticks the evening prior. Which bacterial infection would the nurse suspect this little girl of contracting?
- A. Escherichia coli
- B. Salmonella
- C. Shigella
- D. Giardia lamblia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Salmonella is commonly associated with poultry, causing diarrhea and abdominal pain. E. coli is linked to undercooked beef, Shigella to fecal-oral transmission, and Giardia to contaminated water.
The nurse is caring for a patient with secondary syphilis. What intervention should the nurse institute when caring for this patient?
- A. Ensure that the patient is housed in a private room.
- B. Administer hydrocortisone ointment to the lesions as ordered.
- C. Administer combination therapy with antiretrovirals as ordered.
- D. Wear gloves if contact with lesions is possible.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Secondary syphilis lesions are highly infectious, requiring gloves for contact. Private rooms, hydrocortisone, and antiretrovirals are not indicated.
The nurse educator is discussing emerging diseases with a group of nurses. The educator should cite what causes of emerging diseases? Select all that apply.
- A. Progressive weakening of human immune systems
- B. Use of extended-spectrum antibiotics
- C. Population movements
- D. Increased global travel
- E. Globalization of food supplies
Correct Answer: B,C,D,E
Rationale: Emerging diseases are driven by antibiotic resistance, population movements, global travel, and food globalization. Generalized immune weakening is not a primary cause.