Nokea
A patient is admitted from the ED diagnosed with Neisseria meningitidis. What type of isolation precautions should the nurse institute?
- A. Contact precautions
- B. Droplet precautions
- C. Airborne precautions
- D. Observation precautions
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Neisseria meningitidis spreads via large respiratory droplets, requiring droplet precautions. Airborne precautions are for smaller droplets, and observation precautions do not exist.
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The nurse is caring for a patient with secondary syphilis. What intervention should the nurse institute when caring for this patient?
- A. Ensure that the patient is housed in a private room.
- B. Administer hydrocortisone ointment to the lesions as ordered.
- C. Administer combination therapy with antiretrovirals as ordered.
- D. Wear gloves if contact with lesions is possible.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Secondary syphilis lesions are highly infectious, requiring gloves for contact. Private rooms, hydrocortisone, and antiretrovirals are not indicated.
A nurse is caring for a child who was admitted to the pediatric unit with infectious diarrhea. The nurse should be alert to what assessment finding as an indicator of dehydration?
- A. Labile BP
- B. Weak pulse
- C. Fever
- D. Diaphoresis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Weak pulse is a key sign of dehydration in children, along with thirst, dry mucous membranes, and poor skin turgor. Labile BP, fever, and diaphoresis are not specific to dehydration.
The infectious control nurse is presenting a program on West Nile virus for a local community group. To reduce the incidence of this disease, the nurse should recommend what action?
- A. Covering open wounds at all times
- B. Vigilant handwashing in home and work settings
- C. Consistent use of mosquito repellants
- D. Annual vaccination
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: West Nile virus is transmitted by mosquitoes, so repellants are the most effective prevention. No vaccine exists, and handwashing or wound covering are less specific.
An adult patient in the ICU has a central venous catheter in place. Over the past 24 hours, the patient has developed signs and symptoms that are suggestive of a central line associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI). What aspect of the patients care may have increased susceptibility to CLABSI?
- A. The patients central line was placed in the femoral vein.
- B. The patient had blood cultures drawn from the central line.
- C. The patient was treated for vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) during a previous admission.
- D. The patient has received antibiotics and IV fluids through the same line.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Femoral vein catheter placement increases CLABSI risk due to higher bacterial colonization. Blood cultures, prior VRE treatment, or combined IV fluids do not directly increase risk.
A male patient with gonorrhea asks the nurse how he can reduce his risk of contracting another sexually transmitted infection. The patient is not in a monogamous relationship. The nurse should instruct the patient to do which of the following?
- A. Ask all potential sexual partners if they have a sexually transmitted disease.
- B. Wear a condom every time he has intercourse.
- C. Consider intercourse to be risk-free if his partner has no visible discharge, lesions, or rashes.
- D. Aim to limit the number of sexual partners to fewer than five over his lifetime.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Condom use significantly reduces STI transmission risk. Partner inquiries, visible symptoms, or limiting partners are less reliable prevention methods.