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What is the best rationale for health care providers receiving the influenza vaccination on a yearly basis?
- A. To decreased nurses susceptibility to health care-associated infections
- B. To decrease risk of transmission to vulnerable patients
- C. To eventually eradicate the influenza virus in the United States
- D. To prevent the emergence of drug-resistant strains of the influenza virus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Annual influenza vaccination reduces transmission to vulnerable patients. It does not prevent healthcare-associated infections, eradicate influenza, or stop drug-resistant strains.
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When a disease infects a host a portal of entry is needed for an organism to gain access. What has been identified as the portal of entry for tuberculosis?
- A. Integumentary system
- B. Urinary system
- C. Respiratory system
- D. Gastrointestinal system
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tuberculosis is transmitted via inhalation of airborne droplets, making the respiratory system the primary portal of entry.
An immunosuppressed patient is receiving chemotherapy treatment at home. What infection-control measure should the nurse recommend to the family?
- A. Family members should avoid receiving vaccinations until the patient has recovered from his or her illness.
- B. Wipe down hard surfaces with a dilute bleach solution once per day.
- C. Maintain cleanliness in the home, but recognize that the home does not need to be sterile.
- D. Avoid physical contact with the patient unless absolutely necessary.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A clean but non-sterile home environment is sufficient for immunosuppressed patients, as intrinsic bacteria pose greater risks than environmental ones. Avoiding vaccinations or contact is unnecessary, and daily bleach cleaning is excessive.
A patient is alarmed that she has tested positive for MRSA following culture testing during her admission to the hospital. What should the nurse teach the patient about this diagnostic finding?
- A. There are promising treatments for MRSA, so this is no cause for serious concern.
- B. This doesnt mean that you have an infection; it shows that the bacteria live on one of your skin surfaces.
- C. The vast majority of patients in the hospital test positive for MRSA, but the infection doesnt normally cause serious symptoms.
- D. This finding is only preliminary, and your doctor will likely order further testing.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Positive MRSA culture indicates colonization, not necessarily infection. It is not preliminary, nor is it true that most patients test positive or that treatments eliminate concern.
A patient on Airborne Precautions asks the nurse to leave his door open. What is the nurses best reply?
- A. I have to keep your door shut at all times. Ill open the curtains so that you dont feel so closed in.
- B. Ill keep the door open for you, but please try to avoid moving around the room too much.
- C. I can open your door if you wear this mask.
- D. I can open your door, but Ill have to come back and close it in a few minutes.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Airborne precautions require closed doors to prevent pathogen spread. Opening curtains helps reduce isolation feelings without compromising safety.
A student nurse completing a preceptorship is reviewing the use of standard precautions. Which of the following practices is most consistent with standard precautions?
- A. Wearing a mask and gown when starting an IV line
- B. Washing hands immediately after removing gloves
- C. Recapping all needles promptly after use to prevent needlestick injuries
- D. Double-gloving when working with a patient who has a blood-borne illness
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Handwashing after glove removal is a core standard precaution to prevent contamination. Masks, gowns, needle recapping, and double-gloving are not standard practices.