Nokea
A patient has a concentration of S. aureus located on his skin. The patient is not showing signs of increased temperature, redness, or pain at the site. The nurse is aware that this is a sign of a microorganism at which of the following stages?
- A. Infection
- B. Colonization
- C. Disease
- D. Bacteremia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Colonization indicates the presence of microorganisms without host symptoms or immune response. Infection, disease, and bacteremia involve symptomatic host interactions.
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The nurse is caring for a patient who is colonized with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). What infection control measure has the greatest potential to reduce transmission of MRSA and other nosocomial pathogens in a health care setting?
- A. Using antibacterial soap when bathing patients with MRSA
- B. Conducting culture surveys on a regularly scheduled basis
- C. Performing hand hygiene before and after contact with every patient
- D. Using aseptic housekeeping practices for environmental cleaning
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hand hygiene is the most effective measure to prevent MRSA and nosocomial pathogen transmission. Antibacterial soap, culture surveys, and housekeeping are less impactful.
A patient is admitted from the ED diagnosed with Neisseria meningitidis. What type of isolation precautions should the nurse institute?
- A. Contact precautions
- B. Droplet precautions
- C. Airborne precautions
- D. Observation precautions
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Neisseria meningitidis spreads via large respiratory droplets, requiring droplet precautions. Airborne precautions are for smaller droplets, and observation precautions do not exist.
The nurse educator is discussing emerging diseases with a group of nurses. The educator should cite what causes of emerging diseases? Select all that apply.
- A. Progressive weakening of human immune systems
- B. Use of extended-spectrum antibiotics
- C. Population movements
- D. Increased global travel
- E. Globalization of food supplies
Correct Answer: B,C,D,E
Rationale: Emerging diseases are driven by antibiotic resistance, population movements, global travel, and food globalization. Generalized immune weakening is not a primary cause.
A long-term care facility is the site of an outbreak of infectious diarrhea. The nurse educator has emphasized the importance of hand hygiene to staff members. The use of alcohol-based cleansers may be ineffective if the causative microorganism is identified as what?
- A. Shigella
- B. Escherichia coli
- C. Clostridium difficile
- D. Norovirus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: C. difficile spores resist alcohol-based cleansers, requiring soap and water handwashing. Shigella, E. coli, and Norovirus are susceptible to alcohol-based products.
A nurse is caring for a child who was admitted to the pediatric unit with infectious diarrhea. The nurse should be alert to what assessment finding as an indicator of dehydration?
- A. Labile BP
- B. Weak pulse
- C. Fever
- D. Diaphoresis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Weak pulse is a key sign of dehydration in children, along with thirst, dry mucous membranes, and poor skin turgor. Labile BP, fever, and diaphoresis are not specific to dehydration.