Nokea
A public health nurse is teaching a mother about vaccinations prior to obtaining informed consent for her childs vaccination. What should the nurse cite as the most common adverse effect of vaccinations?
- A. Temporary sensitivity to the sun
- B. Allergic reactions to the antigen or carrier solution
- C. Nausea and vomiting
- D. Joint pain near the injection site
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Allergic reactions to vaccine components are the most common adverse effects. Sun sensitivity, nausea, and joint pain are not typical.
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When a disease infects a host a portal of entry is needed for an organism to gain access. What has been identified as the portal of entry for tuberculosis?
- A. Integumentary system
- B. Urinary system
- C. Respiratory system
- D. Gastrointestinal system
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tuberculosis is transmitted via inhalation of airborne droplets, making the respiratory system the primary portal of entry.
The infectious control nurse is presenting a program on West Nile virus for a local community group. To reduce the incidence of this disease, the nurse should recommend what action?
- A. Covering open wounds at all times
- B. Vigilant handwashing in home and work settings
- C. Consistent use of mosquito repellants
- D. Annual vaccination
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: West Nile virus is transmitted by mosquitoes, so repellants are the most effective prevention. No vaccine exists, and handwashing or wound covering are less specific.
The nurse places a patient in isolation. Isolation techniques have the potential to break the chain of infection by interfering with what component of the chain of infection?
- A. Mode of transmission
- B. Agent
- C. Susceptible host
- D. Portal of entry
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Isolation prevents pathogen spread by blocking the mode of transmission. It does not directly affect the agent, host, or portal of entry.
What is the best rationale for health care providers receiving the influenza vaccination on a yearly basis?
- A. To decreased nurses susceptibility to health care-associated infections
- B. To decrease risk of transmission to vulnerable patients
- C. To eventually eradicate the influenza virus in the United States
- D. To prevent the emergence of drug-resistant strains of the influenza virus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Annual influenza vaccination reduces transmission to vulnerable patients. It does not prevent healthcare-associated infections, eradicate influenza, or stop drug-resistant strains.
A nurse is caring for a child who was admitted to the pediatric unit with infectious diarrhea. The nurse should be alert to what assessment finding as an indicator of dehydration?
- A. Labile BP
- B. Weak pulse
- C. Fever
- D. Diaphoresis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Weak pulse is a key sign of dehydration in children, along with thirst, dry mucous membranes, and poor skin turgor. Labile BP, fever, and diaphoresis are not specific to dehydration.