Nokea
A nursing home patient has been diagnosed with Clostridium difficile. What type of precautions should the nurse implement to prevent the spread of this infectious disease to other residents?
- A. Contact
- B. Droplet
- C. Airborne
- D. Positive pressure isolation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Clostridium difficile spreads via skin-to-skin contact or contaminated surfaces, requiring contact precautions. Droplet and airborne precautions are for respiratory pathogens, and positive pressure isolation is not applicable.
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A public health nurse promoting the annual influenza vaccination is focusing health promotion efforts on the populations most vulnerable to death from influenza. The nurse should focus on which of the following groups?
- A. Preschool-aged children
- B. Adults with diabetes and/or renal failure
- C. Older adults with compromised health status
- D. Infants under the age of 12 months
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Older adults with compromised health status face the highest influenza mortality risk, making them the priority for vaccination promotion.
The nurse educator is discussing emerging diseases with a group of nurses. The educator should cite what causes of emerging diseases? Select all that apply.
- A. Progressive weakening of human immune systems
- B. Use of extended-spectrum antibiotics
- C. Population movements
- D. Increased global travel
- E. Globalization of food supplies
Correct Answer: B,C,D,E
Rationale: Emerging diseases are driven by antibiotic resistance, population movements, global travel, and food globalization. Generalized immune weakening is not a primary cause.
A long-term care facility is the site of an outbreak of infectious diarrhea. The nurse educator has emphasized the importance of hand hygiene to staff members. The use of alcohol-based cleansers may be ineffective if the causative microorganism is identified as what?
- A. Shigella
- B. Escherichia coli
- C. Clostridium difficile
- D. Norovirus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: C. difficile spores resist alcohol-based cleansers, requiring soap and water handwashing. Shigella, E. coli, and Norovirus are susceptible to alcohol-based products.
Family members are caring for a patient with HIV in the patients home. What should the nurse encourage family members to do to reduce the risk of infection transmission?
- A. Use caution when shaving the patient.
- B. Use separate dishes for the patient.
- C. Use separate bed linens for the patient.
- D. Disinfect the patients bedclothes regularly.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Caution during shaving prevents exposure to HIV via blood. Separate dishes, linens, or disinfection are unnecessary unless blood contamination occurs.
A male patient comes to the clinic and is diagnosed with gonorrhea. Which symptom most likely prompted him to seek medical attention?
- A. Rashes on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet
- B. Cauliflower-like warts on the penis
- C. Painful, red papules on the shaft of the penis
- D. Foul-smelling discharge from the penis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Foul-smelling penile discharge is a hallmark symptom of gonorrhea, often accompanied by painful urination. Rashes indicate syphilis, warts suggest HPV, and painful papules are associated with herpes.