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During a health education session, a participant asks the nurse how a vaccine can protect from future exposures to diseases against which she is vaccinated. What would be the nurses best response?
- A. The vaccine causes an antibody response in the body.
- B. The vaccine responds to an infection in the body after it occurs.
- C. The vaccine is similar to an antibiotic that is used to treat an infection.
- D. The vaccine actively attacks the microorganism.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Vaccines stimulate an antibody response to provide immunity against future exposures. They do not treat active infections or directly attack pathogens.
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An older adult patient has been diagnosed with Legionella infection. When planning this patients care, the nurse should prioritize which of the following nursing actions?
- A. Monitoring for evidence of skin breakdown
- B. Emotional support and promotion of coping
- C. Assessment for signs of internal hemorrhage
- D. Vigilant monitoring of respiratory status
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Legionella primarily affects the lungs, causing cough, dyspnea, and chest pain, so respiratory monitoring is critical. Skin breakdown, hemorrhage, and emotional support are secondary.
When a disease infects a host a portal of entry is needed for an organism to gain access. What has been identified as the portal of entry for tuberculosis?
- A. Integumentary system
- B. Urinary system
- C. Respiratory system
- D. Gastrointestinal system
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tuberculosis is transmitted via inhalation of airborne droplets, making the respiratory system the primary portal of entry.
A patient has presented at the ED with copious diarrhea and accompanying signs of dehydration. During the patients health history, the nurse learns that the patient recently ate oysters from the Gulf of Mexico. The nurse should recognize the need to have the patients stool cultured for microorganisms associated with what disease?
- A. Ebola
- B. West Nile virus
- C. Legionnaires disease
- D. Cholera
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cholera is associated with shellfish consumption from the Gulf of Mexico, causing watery diarrhea. Ebola, West Nile, and Legionnaires have different transmission modes.
The nurse is providing care for an older adult patient who has developed signs and symptoms of Calicivirus (Norovirus). What assessment should the nurse prioritize when planning this patients care?
- A. Respiratory status
- B. Pain
- C. Fluid intake and output
- D. Deep tendon reflexes and neurological status
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Norovirus causes vomiting and diarrhea, risking fluid volume deficit, so fluid balance assessment is critical. Other assessments are less urgent.
A patients diagnostic testing revealed that he is colonized with vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE). What change in the patients health status could precipitate an infection?
- A. Use of a narrow-spectrum antibiotic
- B. Treatment of a concurrent infection using vancomycin
- C. Development of a skin break
- D. Persistent contact of the bacteria with skin surfaces
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A skin break provides a portal for VRE to cause infection from colonization. Antibiotics or prolonged skin contact are less likely to trigger infection.