Nokea
A student nurse completing a preceptorship is reviewing the use of standard precautions. Which of the following practices is most consistent with standard precautions?
- A. Wearing a mask and gown when starting an IV line
- B. Washing hands immediately after removing gloves
- C. Recapping all needles promptly after use to prevent needlestick injuries
- D. Double-gloving when working with a patient who has a blood-borne illness
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Handwashing after glove removal is a core standard precaution to prevent contamination. Masks, gowns, needle recapping, and double-gloving are not standard practices.
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A nurse who provides care in a busy ED is in contact with hundreds of patients each year. The nurse has a responsibility to receive what vaccine?
- A. Hepatitis B vaccine
- B. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine
- C. Clostridium difficile vaccine
- D. Staphylococcus aureus vaccine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hepatitis B vaccine is essential for healthcare workers due to exposure risk to bloodborne pathogens. HPV is sexually transmitted, and no vaccines exist for C. difficile or S. aureus.
A patient on the medical unit is found to have pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). What is the most appropriate precaution for the staff to take to prevent transmission of this disease?
- A. Standard precautions only
- B. Droplet precautions
- C. Standard and contact precautions
- D. Standard and airborne precautions
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pulmonary TB requires airborne precautions with standard precautions to prevent droplet transmission. Droplet or contact precautions alone are insufficient.
A patient has presented at the ED with copious diarrhea and accompanying signs of dehydration. During the patients health history, the nurse learns that the patient recently ate oysters from the Gulf of Mexico. The nurse should recognize the need to have the patients stool cultured for microorganisms associated with what disease?
- A. Ebola
- B. West Nile virus
- C. Legionnaires disease
- D. Cholera
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cholera is associated with shellfish consumption from the Gulf of Mexico, causing watery diarrhea. Ebola, West Nile, and Legionnaires have different transmission modes.
A long-term care facility is the site of an outbreak of infectious diarrhea. The nurse educator has emphasized the importance of hand hygiene to staff members. The use of alcohol-based cleansers may be ineffective if the causative microorganism is identified as what?
- A. Shigella
- B. Escherichia coli
- C. Clostridium difficile
- D. Norovirus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: C. difficile spores resist alcohol-based cleansers, requiring soap and water handwashing. Shigella, E. coli, and Norovirus are susceptible to alcohol-based products.
An older adult patient tells the nurse that she had chicken pox as a child and is eager to be vaccinated against shingles. What should the nurse teach the patient about this vaccine?
- A. Vaccination against shingles is contraindicated in patients over the age of 80.
- B. Vaccination can reduce her risk of shingles by approximately 50%.
- C. Vaccination against shingles involves a series of three injections over the course of 6 months.
- D. Vaccination against shingles is only effective if preceded by a childhood varicella vaccination.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Zostavax reduces shingles risk by about 50% in adults over 60. It is a single injection, not contraindicated by age, and effective regardless of prior varicella vaccination.