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A medical nurse is careful to adhere to infection control protocols, including handwashing. Which statement about handwashing supports the nurses practice?
- A. Frequent handwashing reduces transmission of pathogens from one patient to another.
- B. Wearing gloves is known to be an adequate substitute for handwashing.
- C. Bar soap is preferable to liquid soap.
- D. Waterless products should be avoided in situations where running water is unavailable.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Handwashing reduces pathogen transmission between patients, even with glove use. Bar soap can harbor bacteria, and waterless sanitizers are effective when water is unavailable.
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The nurse educator is discussing emerging diseases with a group of nurses. The educator should cite what causes of emerging diseases? Select all that apply.
- A. Progressive weakening of human immune systems
- B. Use of extended-spectrum antibiotics
- C. Population movements
- D. Increased global travel
- E. Globalization of food supplies
Correct Answer: B,C,D,E
Rationale: Emerging diseases are driven by antibiotic resistance, population movements, global travel, and food globalization. Generalized immune weakening is not a primary cause.
The nurse is providing care for an older adult patient who has developed signs and symptoms of Calicivirus (Norovirus). What assessment should the nurse prioritize when planning this patients care?
- A. Respiratory status
- B. Pain
- C. Fluid intake and output
- D. Deep tendon reflexes and neurological status
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Norovirus causes vomiting and diarrhea, risking fluid volume deficit, so fluid balance assessment is critical. Other assessments are less urgent.
The nurse is caring for a patient with secondary syphilis. What intervention should the nurse institute when caring for this patient?
- A. Ensure that the patient is housed in a private room.
- B. Administer hydrocortisone ointment to the lesions as ordered.
- C. Administer combination therapy with antiretrovirals as ordered.
- D. Wear gloves if contact with lesions is possible.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Secondary syphilis lesions are highly infectious, requiring gloves for contact. Private rooms, hydrocortisone, and antiretrovirals are not indicated.
What is the best rationale for health care providers receiving the influenza vaccination on a yearly basis?
- A. To decreased nurses susceptibility to health care-associated infections
- B. To decrease risk of transmission to vulnerable patients
- C. To eventually eradicate the influenza virus in the United States
- D. To prevent the emergence of drug-resistant strains of the influenza virus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Annual influenza vaccination reduces transmission to vulnerable patients. It does not prevent healthcare-associated infections, eradicate influenza, or stop drug-resistant strains.
An infectious outbreak of unknown origin has occurred in a long-term care facility. The nurse who oversees care at the facility should report the outbreak to what organization?
- A. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
- B. American Medical Association (AMA)
- C. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
- D. American Nurses Association (ANA)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The CDC is responsible for disease prevention and control, making it the appropriate agency for reporting outbreaks. AMA, EPA, and ANA do not handle outbreak reporting.