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The nurse receives a phone call from a clinic patient who experienced fever and slight dyspnea several hours after receiving the pneumococcus vaccine. What is the nurses most appropriate action?
- A. Instruct the patient to call 911.
- B. Inform the patient that this is an expected response to vaccination.
- C. Encourage the patient to take NSAIDs until symptoms are relieved.
- D. Ensure that the adverse reaction is reported.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Fever and dyspnea post-vaccination require reporting via VAERS for monitoring. These are not expected reactions, and NSAIDs or 911 calls are not the first steps.
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A patient has a concentration of S. aureus located on his skin. The patient is not showing signs of increased temperature, redness, or pain at the site. The nurse is aware that this is a sign of a microorganism at which of the following stages?
- A. Infection
- B. Colonization
- C. Disease
- D. Bacteremia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Colonization indicates the presence of microorganisms without host symptoms or immune response. Infection, disease, and bacteremia involve symptomatic host interactions.
What is the best rationale for health care providers receiving the influenza vaccination on a yearly basis?
- A. To decreased nurses susceptibility to health care-associated infections
- B. To decrease risk of transmission to vulnerable patients
- C. To eventually eradicate the influenza virus in the United States
- D. To prevent the emergence of drug-resistant strains of the influenza virus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Annual influenza vaccination reduces transmission to vulnerable patients. It does not prevent healthcare-associated infections, eradicate influenza, or stop drug-resistant strains.
The nurse is caring for a patient with secondary syphilis. What intervention should the nurse institute when caring for this patient?
- A. Ensure that the patient is housed in a private room.
- B. Administer hydrocortisone ointment to the lesions as ordered.
- C. Administer combination therapy with antiretrovirals as ordered.
- D. Wear gloves if contact with lesions is possible.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Secondary syphilis lesions are highly infectious, requiring gloves for contact. Private rooms, hydrocortisone, and antiretrovirals are not indicated.
The nurse educator is discussing emerging diseases with a group of nurses. The educator should cite what causes of emerging diseases? Select all that apply.
- A. Progressive weakening of human immune systems
- B. Use of extended-spectrum antibiotics
- C. Population movements
- D. Increased global travel
- E. Globalization of food supplies
Correct Answer: B,C,D,E
Rationale: Emerging diseases are driven by antibiotic resistance, population movements, global travel, and food globalization. Generalized immune weakening is not a primary cause.
A patient is admitted from the ED diagnosed with Neisseria meningitidis. What type of isolation precautions should the nurse institute?
- A. Contact precautions
- B. Droplet precautions
- C. Airborne precautions
- D. Observation precautions
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Neisseria meningitidis spreads via large respiratory droplets, requiring droplet precautions. Airborne precautions are for smaller droplets, and observation precautions do not exist.