Genitourinary System Quizlet

Genitourinary System Quizlet Related

Review Genitourinary System Quizlet related questions and content

A 22-year-old woman with a history of chronic pelvic pain is being examined. The nurse suspects endometriosis. Which of the following is the most common symptom of endometriosis?

  • A. Pain during menstruation.
  • B. Pelvic pain that worsens during menstruation.
  • C. Pain during ovulation.
  • D. Heavy bleeding during menstruation.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Pelvic pain that worsens during menstruation. This is because endometriosis is characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus, leading to inflammation and pain in the pelvic region. The pain typically worsens during menstruation due to the shedding of this tissue, causing irritation and further inflammation.

A: Pain during menstruation is a common symptom, but what distinguishes endometriosis is the worsening of pain during menstruation.
C: Pain during ovulation is not a typical symptom of endometriosis. While some individuals may experience pain during ovulation, it is not the most common symptom.
D: Heavy bleeding during menstruation can occur in endometriosis, but it is not the most common symptom. Pelvic pain that worsens during menstruation is the hallmark symptom of endometriosis.

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Dipstick testing of an older adult patients urine indicates the presence of protein. Which of the following statements is true of this assessment finding?

  • A. This finding needs to be considered in light of other forms of testing.
  • B. This finding is a risk factor for urinary incontinenc
  • D. This finding is likely the result of an ag
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale:
1. Protein in urine can indicate renal issues, so further testing like urine protein/creatinine ratio is needed.
2. Proteinuria doesn't directly relate to urinary incontinence.
3. The finding is not related to age or gender, ruling out options B and D.
4. Option A is correct as it emphasizes the need for additional testing to confirm the presence and significance of protein in urine.

A patient with HIV-AIDS being treated with combined antiviral drugs and immunosuppressive agents, develops an opportunistic infection caused by Pneumocystis carinii. Which of the following drugs most likely be used in the treatment of pulmonary infection caused by P. carinii?

  • A. Metronidazole
  • B. Carbenicillin
  • C. Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole
  • D. Penicillin G
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole. This combination is the first-line treatment for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with HIV-AIDS due to its efficacy against the organism. Trimethoprim inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, while sulfamethoxazole inhibits dihydropteroate synthase, both essential enzymes for folate synthesis in bacteria and protozoa like P. carinii. Metronidazole (A) is used for anaerobic infections, Carbenicillin (B) is a penicillinase-resistant penicillin used for Gram-negative infections, and Penicillin G (D) is a narrow-spectrum antibiotic mainly used for Gram-positive infections.

Clavulanic acid is combined with amoxicillin because:

  • A. It inhibits beta lactamases that destroy amoxicillin
  • B. It prevents renal excretion of amoxicillin
  • C. It destroy bacteria that are not destroyed by amoxicillin
  • D. It counteracts the adverse effects of amoxicillin
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because clavulanic acid is a beta-lactamase inhibitor that protects amoxicillin from being destroyed by beta-lactamases produced by certain bacteria. This allows amoxicillin to effectively kill the bacteria. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because clavulanic acid does not affect renal excretion, directly destroy bacteria, or counteract adverse effects of amoxicillin.

The patient has a thoracic spinal cord lesion and incontinence that occurs equally during the day and night. What type of incontinence is this patient experiencing?

  • A. Reflex incontinence
  • B. Overflow incontinence
  • C. Functional incontinence
  • D. Incontinence after trauma
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Reflex incontinence. This type of incontinence occurs due to a lack of voluntary control over the bladder, usually resulting from a spinal cord lesion. In this case, the thoracic spinal cord lesion is causing the incontinence. The fact that incontinence occurs equally during the day and night suggests a lack of awareness or sensation of bladder fullness, characteristic of reflex incontinence.

Summary of other choices:
B: Overflow incontinence is due to bladder overdistension and is commonly associated with conditions like BPH or spinal cord injuries at the sacral level.
C: Functional incontinence is when a person is unable to reach the toilet in time due to physical or cognitive impairments.
D: Incontinence after trauma is a broad term and does not specifically address the pattern of incontinence described in the question.

The following drug is used for oral treatment of trichomonas vaginitis:

  • A. Diiodohydroxyquin
  • B. Tinidazole
  • C. Clotrimazole
  • D. Ketoconazole
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, Tinidazole, for oral treatment of trichomonas vaginitis. Tinidazole is a nitroimidazole antibiotic that is effective against trichomonas. It has good oral bioavailability and is commonly used for this infection. Diiodohydroxyquin (A) is not indicated for trichomonas vaginitis. Clotrimazole (C) and Ketoconazole (D) are antifungal agents used for yeast infections, not trichomonas. Tinidazole is the most appropriate choice due to its effectiveness against trichomonas and its oral administration route.

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