Genitourinary System

Genitourinary System Related

Review Genitourinary System related questions and content

A 25 year old patient is diagnosed with genital herpes simplex virus infection. Which of the following drug would be most appropriate to prescribe in treating this patient’s illness?

  • A. Zanamivir
  • B. Lamivudine
  • C. Valacyclovir
  • D. Cidofovir
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Valacyclovir. Valacyclovir is an antiviral medication commonly used to treat herpes simplex virus infections. It is a prodrug of acyclovir, which inhibits viral replication by targeting the viral DNA polymerase enzyme. Valacyclovir is effective in reducing the severity and duration of genital herpes outbreaks.

A: Zanamivir is an antiviral medication used to treat and prevent influenza virus infections, not herpes simplex virus infections.
B: Lamivudine is an antiretroviral medication used to treat HIV and hepatitis B infections, not herpes simplex virus infections.
D: Cidofovir is an antiviral medication used to treat cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections, not herpes simplex virus infections.

In summary, Valacyclovir is the most appropriate choice for treating genital herpes simplex virus infection due to its effectiveness in inhibiting viral replication and reducing the severity of outbreaks.

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Corticosteroids are absolutely contraindicated in which of the following types of tuberculosis?

  • A. Miliary
  • B. Meningeal
  • C. Intestinal
  • D. Renal
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Correct Answer: C - Intestinal

Rationale:
1. Corticosteroids suppress the immune system.
2. Intestinal tuberculosis can lead to perforation, and corticosteroids can mask symptoms and worsen the condition.
3. Miliary and meningeal TB benefit from corticosteroids to reduce inflammation.
4. Renal TB is treated with antibiotics, not corticosteroids.

Summary:
- A: Corticosteroids are not contraindicated in miliary TB.
- B: Corticosteroids are beneficial in meningeal TB.
- C: Corticosteroids can worsen intestinal TB.
- D: Renal TB is treated with antibiotics, not corticosteroids.

Which of the following diuretics is most widely used to treat mild hypertension?

  • A. Furosemide
  • B. Spironolactone
  • C. Hydrochlorothiazide
  • D. Amiloride
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) is the correct answer for treating mild hypertension due to its effectiveness in reducing blood volume and lowering blood pressure. HCTZ works by promoting urine production, leading to decreased fluid retention and lower blood pressure. Furosemide (A) is a loop diuretic mainly used for edema and severe hypertension. Spironolactone (B) is a potassium-sparing diuretic often used for heart failure and hyperaldosteronism. Amiloride (D) is another potassium-sparing diuretic used in combination with other diuretics. Overall, HCTZ is preferred for mild hypertension due to its efficacy, safety, and low cost.

Acute renal failure due to a decrease in circulating blood volume causing diminished renal perfusion is treated with:

  • A. Intravenous fluids.
  • B. Inotropic agents.
  • C. Erythropoietin.
  • D. Diuretics.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Intravenous fluids. Acute renal failure due to decreased blood volume requires fluid resuscitation to improve renal perfusion and function. This restores circulating volume and improves renal blood flow, helping to prevent further kidney damage. Inotropic agents (B) are used to improve heart function, erythropoietin (C) stimulates red blood cell production, and diuretics (D) increase urine output but can further decrease blood volume in this scenario.

A 5 year old child has been brought with intestinal obstruction due to * clumping of roundworms. Which of the following anthelmintic which administered by orogastric tube can relax the balls of ascaris and relieve the obstruction?:

  • A. Levamisole
  • B. Mebendazole
  • C. Pyrantel pamoate
  • D. Piperazine
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Piperazine. Piperazine paralyzes the muscles of the roundworms, causing them to relax and detach from the intestinal walls, which helps in relieving the obstruction. Levamisole and Mebendazole work by different mechanisms and are not as effective for this specific situation. Pyrantel pamoate primarily causes paralysis in the worms but may not be as effective as Piperazine in relaxing the balls of ascaris.

How many grams of protein is Susan allowed per day?

  • A. 60g
  • B. 29g
  • C. 40g
  • D. 120g
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C (40g) because the recommended daily protein intake for an average adult is around 0.8g per kg of body weight. Let's say Susan weighs 50kg, then her recommended protein intake would be 40g (50kg x 0.8g/kg). Option A (60g) is higher than the calculated amount. Option B (29g) is too low for an average adult. Option D (120g) is too high and exceeds the recommended intake, which could strain the kidneys and other organs.