Nokea
A 3-year-old boy is hospitalized after falling down the stairs. His mother cries, 'This is all my fault.' Which is the nurse's best response?
- A. Accidents happen; you shouldn't blame yourself.
- B. Falls are one of the most common injuries in this age group.
- C. It might help to install a baby gate on the stairs.
- D. Your son should be proficient at walking down stairs by now.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Reassuring the parent that falls are common in young children can help reduce guilt and anxiety.
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Mr. Galino is diagnosed to have Raynaud's disease. Nurse Oliver gives instructions to the client to stop smoking because it causes:
- A. cyanosis and necrosis
- B. vasoconstriction, vasospasms
- C. decreased blood oxygen content
- D. pain and tingling
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Raynaud's disease is a condition characterized by vasospasms of the small arteries, usually in the fingers and toes, in response to cold temperatures or stress. Smoking can worsen the symptoms of Raynaud's disease because it causes vasoconstriction, which is the narrowing of blood vessels. Nicotine in cigarettes can trigger vasospasms, leading to further restriction of blood flow to the extremities. Therefore, it is essential for individuals with Raynaud's disease to stop smoking to help improve blood circulation and reduce the frequency and severity of vasospasms.
Because of the significant association of lead intoxication with poverty, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends blood lead screening at
- A. 6 and 12 months
- B. 12 and 24 months
- C. 24 and 36 months
- D. 36 and 48 months
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Blood lead screening is recommended at 12 and 24 months.
What usually triggers the weight loss of anorexia nervosa?
- A. Sexual abuse
- B. School failure
- C. Independence from family
- D. Traumatic interpersonal conflict
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Weight loss in anorexia nervosa is commonly triggered by various factors, including traumatic interpersonal conflicts. These conflicts may involve strained relationships with family members, friends, or other individuals, contributing to emotional distress and disturbances in eating behaviors. Individuals with anorexia nervosa may engage in extreme restriction of food intake as a way to cope with and gain a sense of control over the challenging emotions arising from these conflicts. It is important to address and work through these underlying interpersonal issues through therapy and support in the treatment of anorexia nervosa.
You are meeting parents of a 5-year-old boy; the mother is wondering about the normal sexual behavior of her child. Of the following, the sexual behavior that is considered HIGHLY unusual in this age group is
- A. touching his genitals in public
- B. showing his genitals to others
- C. undressing in public
- D. imitating intercourse or other adult sexual behaviors
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Imitating adult sexual behaviors is highly unusual and concerning in young children, suggesting possible exposure to inappropriate content or experiences.
The nurse notes that a child has lost 8 pounds after 4 days of hospitalization for acute glomerulonephritis. What is most likely the cause of the weight loss?
- A. Poor appetite
- B. Increased potassium intake
- C. Reduction of edema
- D. Restriction to bed rest
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The child most likely lost 8 pounds due to a reduction of edema. Acute glomerulonephritis is a condition that can lead to significant fluid retention in the body, causing edema (swelling). When the child was hospitalized and received treatment, such as diuretics, to address the underlying cause of the edema, the excess fluid and weight would be lost. This reduction in edema is the most common reason for weight loss in this scenario, rather than poor appetite, increased potassium intake, or restriction to bed rest.