Nokea
In diagnosing seizure disorder, which of the following is the most beneficial? A.Skull radiographs
- A. EEG
- B. Brain scan
- C. Lumbar puncture
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In diagnosing seizure disorder, the most beneficial diagnostic test is an Electroencephalogram (EEG). An EEG is a non-invasive test that records electrical activity in the brain. It is crucial for detecting abnormal brain wave patterns associated with seizures. Skull radiographs, brain scans, and lumbar punctures are not typically used as primary tests for diagnosing seizure disorders. A brain scan may be helpful in identifying structural abnormalities that could be causing seizures, but an EEG is more specific for detecting abnormal electrical activity associated with seizures.
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Which of the following is not a criterion for a valid informed consent that a nurse should identify?
- A. freely given
- B. with coercion
- C. has an explanation of procedures
- D. describes the alternatives
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Coercion should not be involved in obtaining informed consent as it undermines the voluntary nature of the decision-making process. Informed consent should be freely given by the patient without any form of pressure or manipulation. The other criteria for valid informed consent that a nurse should identify include that it is freely given, includes an explanation of procedures, and describes the alternatives available to the patient.
A 3-year-old boy is hospitalized after falling down the stairs. His mother cries, 'This is all my fault.' Which is the nurse's best response?
- A. Accidents happen; you shouldn't blame yourself.
- B. Falls are one of the most common injuries in this age group.
- C. It might help to install a baby gate on the stairs.
- D. Your son should be proficient at walking down stairs by now.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Reassuring the parent that falls are common in young children can help reduce guilt and anxiety.
Which of the following malignant tumors is least likely to occur in adults in comparison with children?
- A. acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
- B. osteosarcoma
- C. medulloblastoma
- D. retinoblastoma
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Retinoblastoma predominantly occurs in children under 5 years of age, making it the least likely to occur in adults.
When doing a nutritional assessment on a Hispanic family, the nurse learns that their diet consists mainly of vegetables, legumes, and starches. How should the nurse assess this diet?
- A. Indicates they live in poverty
- B. Is lacking in protein
- C. May provide sufficient amino acids
- D. Should be enriched with meat and milk
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse should assess that the diet of the Hispanic family, which consists mainly of vegetables, legumes, and starches, may provide sufficient amino acids. While this diet may lack animal sources of protein commonly found in meat and milk, plant-based foods like legumes and grains can complement each other to provide all essential amino acids necessary for protein synthesis in the body. This combination of foods essentially forms a complete protein source, supporting overall nutritional needs. It's important for the nurse to recognize the potential nutritional value in the diet and offer education on balanced meal planning to ensure adequate protein intake for the family. The assessment should focus on the overall nutrient adequacy and not solely on the presence of specific food items.
A seizure characterized by loss of consciousness and tonic spasms of the trunk and extremities rapidly followed by repetitive generalized clonic jerking is classified as:
- A. Focal seizure
- B. Jacksonian seizure
- C. Generalized seizure
- D. Partial seizure
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The description provided aligns with the characteristics of a generalized seizure. Generalized seizures involve abnormal electrical activity in the entire brain, leading to loss of consciousness and widespread motor symptoms, such as tonic (stiffening) and clonic (jerking) movements affecting both sides of the body. Examples of generalized seizures include tonic-clonic seizures (formerly known as grand mal seizures) where there is a sequence of tonic stiffness followed by clonic jerking. In contrast, focal (partial) seizures originate in a specific area of the brain and may result in localized symptoms before possibly spreading to involve both sides of the brain. Jacksonian seizures specifically refer to focal seizures with motor symptoms that spread in a stepwise fashion, starting from one part of the body.