Microbiology Basic and Clinical Principles Test Bank

Microbiology Basic and Clinical Principles Test Bank Related

Review Microbiology Basic and Clinical Principles Test Bank related questions and content

A 30-year-old patient complains about having abdominal pain and diarrhea for five days; body temperature rise up to 37, 5oC along with chills. The day before a patient had been in a forest and drunk from an open water reservoir. Laboratory analyses enabled to make the following diagnosis: amebic dysentery. What is the drug of choice for its treatment?

  • A. Metronidazole
  • B. Furazolidonum
  • C. Levomycetin
  • D. Phthalazol
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Metronidazole.

Rationale:
1. Metronidazole is the drug of choice for amebic dysentery due to its effectiveness against the causative agent, Entamoeba histolytica.
2. Metronidazole has good tissue penetration and is able to reach the site of infection in the gut.
3. It is a bactericidal drug that acts by disrupting the DNA structure of the parasite.
4. Metronidazole is well-absorbed orally and has minimal side effects.

Summary of other choices:
B: Furazolidonum - Not the drug of choice for amebic dysentery. It is primarily used for treating bacterial diarrhea.
C: Levomycetin - Not effective against Entamoeba histolytica and not recommended for amebic dysentery.
D: Phthalazol - Not commonly used for amebic dysentery treatment. Metronidazole is preferred due

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Formic acid is a fermentation product of

  • A. Streptococcus.
  • B. Klebsiella.
  • C. Clostridium.
  • D. Actinomyces.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step 1: Formic acid is produced during fermentation by Actinomyces.
Step 2: Actinomyces are known to produce organic acids like formic acid through fermentation.
Step 3: Other choices like Streptococcus, Klebsiella, and Clostridium are not typically associated with formic acid production.
Step 4: Actinomyces is the most likely candidate based on its fermentation capabilities.
Summary: Actinomyces is the correct answer because it is known to produce formic acid during fermentation, while the other choices lack this specific metabolic function.

Unlike eukaryotic cytoplasm, the prokaryotic one is:

  • A. More complex
  • B. Simpler
  • C. There is no difference in the structure
  • D. None of the above
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Simpler. Prokaryotic cytoplasm is simpler than eukaryotic cytoplasm because prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles such as a nucleus, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum that are present in eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cytoplasm contains fewer components and structures compared to eukaryotic cytoplasm, making it less complex. Therefore, the prokaryotic cytoplasm is simpler in structure. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because prokaryotic cytoplasm is not more complex than eukaryotic cytoplasm, there is a clear difference in structure between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cytoplasm, and the statement "None of the above" is not accurate as the correct answer is B.

Immunity after single vaccination against tetanus - application of tetanus toxoid is:

  • A. intense and usually life long
  • B. of limited duration, booster vaccinations are needed
  • C. infectious (non-sterile)
  • D. no correct answer
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Immunity after a single tetanus vaccination is of limited duration, usually around 10 years. Booster vaccinations are needed to maintain protection due to waning immunity over time. Choice A is incorrect as immunity is not usually lifelong. Choice C is incorrect as tetanus toxoid is a sterile vaccine and does not cause infection. Choice D is also incorrect as there is a correct answer, which is B.

A source of hospital-acquired infection could be:

  • A. New patients in incubation period
  • B. Medical staff
  • C. Medical instruments
  • D. All are correct
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because all the choices can contribute to hospital-acquired infections. New patients in the incubation period can spread infections, medical staff can inadvertently transmit infections, and contaminated medical instruments can also be a source of infections. Therefore, it is important to consider all these factors to prevent and control the spread of infections in a hospital setting.

Which of the following bacteria is known for causing the disease tetanus?

  • A. Clostridium tetani
  • B. Clostridium perfringens
  • C. Streptococcus pyogenes
  • D. Escherichia coli
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Clostridium tetani. This bacterium is known for causing tetanus due to its ability to produce tetanospasmin, a neurotoxin that leads to the characteristic muscle stiffness and spasms seen in tetanus. Clostridium perfringens (Choice B) is associated with gas gangrene, Streptococcus pyogenes (Choice C) causes streptococcal infections, and Escherichia coli (Choice D) is known for causing various gastrointestinal infections. Therefore, Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they are not the causative agents of tetanus.

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