Nokea
A 30yr NZ man goes to PNG, takes 300 mg chloroquine weekly for 2 weeks prior and 4 weeks post his trip. 3/12 later gets febrile/sweats/maleana with malaria parasites on film. The following is true
- A. He took 1/2 the normal dose of chloroquine
- B. If he took primaquine for 2/52 this wouldn't have happened
- C. Assume chloroquine resistance and treat accordingly
- D. This is probably p. falciparum
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: PNG malaria chloroquine's 250 mg norm, resistance rife, not dose, primaquine, or falciparum lock. Nurses switch this chronic resistant fix.
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Which of the following conditions/abnormalities is always present in people who are diagnosed with metabolic syndrome?
- A. Type 2 diabetes mellitus
- B. Disturbed renal function
- C. Hypertension
- D. Insulin resistance
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Metabolic syndrome's core insulin resistance ties the knot, not always diabetes, kidney flops, or high BP. A chronic root nurses peg this constant.
Which is the most common organism infecting coral cuts?
- A. non-cholera vibrio
- B. mycobacterium marinum
- C. aeromonas species
- D. strep pyogenes
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Coral cuts strep pyogenes streaks in, not vibrio, mycobacterium, aeromonas, or E. coli's swim. Nurses hit this chronic skin ripper.
A new nurse has been assigned a client who is in the hospital to receive iodine-131 treatment. Which action by the nurse is best?
- A. Ensure the client is placed in protective isolation.
- B. Hand off a pregnant client to another nurse.
- C. No special action is necessary to care for this client.
- D. Read the policy on handling radioactive excreta.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Iodine-131 is a radioactive isotope used in treatments like thyroid cancer therapy, and it is excreted through body fluids such as urine and sweat. This poses a radiation hazard to healthcare workers and others if not managed properly. The best action for a new nurse is to read the facility's policy on handling radioactive excreta, as this ensures adherence to safety protocols specific to the institution, protecting both the nurse and the client. Protective isolation is not typically required for iodine-131 patients; instead, radiation precautions limit exposure to others. Handing off a pregnant client might be relevant in other contexts but isn't the priority here unless the nurse is pregnant herself, which isn't specified. Assuming no special action is needed is dangerous given the radioactive nature of the treatment. Reviewing the policy equips the nurse with the knowledge to manage waste, maintain a safe distance, and use protective equipment, aligning with radiation safety principles critical in oncology nursing.
Which of the following statements regarding dietary approaches to obesity treatment is TRUE?
- A. Dietary modifications are generally not sustainable and hence dietary approaches are not as important as pharmacological approaches
- B. There is no Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT) level of evidence regarding decreasing sugar sweetened beverages
- C. Dietary approaches can be broadly categorised into energy-focused, macronutrient-focused, dietary pattern-focused, and dietary timing-focused
- D. Long-term diet trials have shown intermittent fasting to be superior to continuous energy restriction with respect to average weight loss
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Diet's obesity fight splits smart energy, macros, patterns, and timing frame approaches, a true lens on options like low-carb or fasting. Sustainability varies, RCTs back sugar cuts, fasting ties (not tops) restriction, and proteins sate more than carbs. Clinicians wield this quartet, tailoring chronic plans, a broad truth in food's fat battle.
An HIV-positive patient presents to the ED complaining of shortness of breath and non-productive cough. Chest x-ray shows diffuse interstitial infiltrates, and O2 saturation is 85% on room air. All of the following statements regarding this patient's probable diagnosis are TRUE, EXCEPT
- A. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) is the most common opportunistic infection in AIDS patients
- B. Pentamidine isothionate is an effective alternate therapy to TMP-SMX
- C. A normal chest x-ray rules out acute PCP infection
- D. 65% of patients relapse within 18 months
Correct Answer: H
Rationale: PCP top AIDS bug, pentamidine swaps TMP-SMX, relapse hits, steroids for hypoxia; normal CXR misses 20%. Nurses nix this chronic x-ray lie.