ATI Pharmacology Test Bank

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A 34-year-old man is a chronic alcoholic and is in and out of a rehabilitation center on a monthly basis. His physician administers a blocker of aldehyde dehydrogenase. Which of the following effects is most likely to be exhibited by this patient following administration?

  • A. Bradycardia
  • B. Elation
  • C. Euphoria
  • D. Nausea
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Disulfiram, an aldehyde dehydrogenase blocker, is used in alcoholism to deter drinking. When alcohol is consumed, acetaldehyde accumulates, causing nausea . Bradycardia isn't typical; tachycardia may occur with acetaldehyde buildup. Elation and euphoria contradict the aversive intent. Urticaria (E) is possible but less common. Nausea, with flushing and vomiting, creates an unpleasant reaction, reinforcing abstinence. This aligns with disulfiram's mechanism, leveraging acetaldehyde toxicity to modify behavior, distinguishing it from other effects.

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A client has difficulty swallowing medications and is prescribed enteric-coated aspirin PO once daily. The client asks if the medication can be crushed to make it easier to swallow. Which of the following responses should the nurse provide?

  • A. Crushing the medication might cause you to have a stomachache or indigestion.
  • B. Crushing the medication is a good idea, and I can mix it in some ice cream for you.
  • C. Crushing the medication would release all the medication at once, rather than over time.
  • D. Crushing is unsafe, as it destroys the ingredients in the medication.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Crushing an enteric-coated medication can cause it to break down in the stomach instead of the intestines, potentially leading to gastrointestinal distress like stomachache or indigestion. It is important to take enteric-coated medications whole to ensure they are properly absorbed in the intestines and to prevent irritation to the stomach.

A client with streptococcal pneumonia is receiving penicillin G by intermittent IV bolus. 10 minutes into the infusion of the third dose, the client reports itching at the IV site, dizziness, and shortness of breath. What should the nurse do first?

  • A. Stop the infusion.
  • B. Call the provider.
  • C. Elevate the head of the bed.
  • D. Auscultate breath sounds.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the client is exhibiting signs of anaphylaxis, a severe allergic reaction. The priority action for the nurse is to stop the infusion immediately to prevent further administration of the allergen and worsening symptoms. Once the infusion is stopped, the nurse can then proceed with additional interventions, such as calling the provider, assessing the client's respiratory status, and providing appropriate care as needed.

A client has a new prescription for Somatropin to stimulate growth. The client should monitor for which of the following adverse effects?

  • A. Hyperglycemia.
  • B. Bradycardia.
  • C. Urinary frequency.
  • D. Edema.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

What should a patient avoid while taking Angiotensin-converting enzymes?

  • A. Salt substitutes
  • B. Foods high in potassium
  • C. Foods high in sodium
  • D. All of the above
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Patients taking Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors should avoid salt substitutes because they can contain potassium chloride, which may lead to hyperkalemia. It is important to restrict potassium-rich foods while on ACE inhibitors, but the primary concern with salt substitutes is their potassium content.

A patient in the clinic reports difficulty tolerating the current ACE inhibitor medication, and questions if another medication could be used. The nurse correctly suspects the prescriber will choose which medication, which affects the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system?

  • A. atenolol
  • B. losartan
  • C. spironolactone
  • D. adenosine
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Losartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) that affects the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and is often used as an alternative to ACE inhibitors. Atenolol (A) is a beta-blocker, spironolactone (C) is a potassium-sparing diuretic, and adenosine (D) is used for arrhythmias. ARBs like losartan are preferred for patients who cannot tolerate ACE inhibitors due to side effects like cough or angioedema.

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