Nokea
A 4-month-old with meningococcal meningitis has just been admitted to the pediatric unit. Which nursing intervention has the highest priority?
- A. Instituting droplet precautions
- B. Administering acetaminophen (Tylenol)
- C. Obtaining history information from the parents
- D. Orienting the parents to the pediatric unit
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Droplet precautions are essential to prevent the spread of meningococcal meningitis to others.
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Most common autoimmune antibody - mediated encephalopathy is
- A. Anti-NMDA receptor antibody syndrome
- B. Anti-voltage gated potassium channel antibody syndrome
- C. Anti-AMPAR antibody syndrome
- D. Anti-Glycine receptor antibody syndrome
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Anti-NMDA receptor antibody syndrome is the most common autoimmune antibody-mediated encephalopathy.
List THREE major criteria for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis.
- A. Persistently positive blood cultures
- B. Echo evidence positive for IE
- C. New valvar regurgitation
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The major criteria are critical for diagnosing infective endocarditis based on clinical, laboratory, and echocardiographic findings.
The following are potent vasoconstrictors:
- A. Renin
- B. Angiotensin I
- C. Nitric oxide
- D. PGI2
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Renin: Renin is a precursor enzyme in the RAAS that helps in converting angiotensinogen into angiotensin I, a potent vasoconstrictor.
What are FIVE possible etiologies for a heart rate of 40 bpm with atrial rate of 92 bpm and AV-dissociation in a 4-year-old girl?
- A. Congenital CHB from maternal Lupus
- B. Fetal myocarditis
- C. CCTGA
- D. Medication induced
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Congenital heart block from maternal conditions like lupus can present with low heart rate and AV dissociation in a young child.
Which of the following conditions results primarily from mutation in the gene encoding Vitamin D receptor?
- A. Vitamin D dependent rickets type 1
- B. Vitamin D dependent rickets type 2
- C. X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets
- D. Autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Vitamin D dependent rickets type 2 is caused by mutations in the vitamin D receptor gene, leading to resistance to vitamin D.