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A 4 years old boy presents with low grade fever and malaise. Throat examination reveals a grayish white membrane which is tightly adherent and bleeds on an attempt to remove. The most likely diagnosis is:
- A. Acute Follicular tonsillitis
- B. Diphtheria
- C. Herpetic infection
- D. Infectious mononucleosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Diphtheria causes a characteristic grayish-white membrane in the throat that bleeds when removed, along with systemic symptoms like fever and malaise.
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The parents of a newborn plan to have him circumcised. They ask the nurse about pain associated with this procedure. What knowledge should the nurse's response be based on?
- A. Experience pain with circumcision
- B. Do not experience pain with circumcision
- C. Quickly forget about the pain of circumcision
- D. Are too young for anesthesia or analgesia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The response should be based on the fact that newborns do not experience pain with circumcision. This is because newborns do not have a fully developed neurological system to perceive pain in the same way that adults do. Studies have shown that the pain response in newborns is limited, and they are able to quickly recover from minor procedures like circumcision without experiencing long-lasting pain. Therefore, the nurse should inform the parents that newborns do not experience pain with circumcision. This is important for providing accurate information and alleviating the concerns of the parents.
Which of the ff is the potential complication the nurse should monitor for when caring for a client with acute respiratory distress syndrome?
- A. Chest wall bulging
- B. Renal failure
- C. Difficulty swallowing
- D. Orthopnea CARING FOR CLIENTS WITH INFECTIOUS AND INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS OF THE HEART AND BLOOD VESSELS
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a serious condition that can lead to various complications, including renal failure. When a client is experiencing ARDS, the lungs become severely inflamed and filled with fluid, which can lead to decreased oxygen levels in the blood. This decrease in oxygen can place a significant strain on the kidneys, potentially resulting in renal failure. Therefore, it is crucial for nurses to monitor the client for signs and symptoms of renal failure, such as changes in urine output, fluid imbalance, electrolyte abnormalities, and altered mental status. Timely detection and management of renal complications in clients with ARDS are essential to prevent further deterioration of the client's condition.
diagnosis of congenital heart disease usually through
- A. cardiac catheterization.
- B. chest x-ray and ECG.
- C. echocardiogram.
- D. all of the above.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The diagnosis of congenital heart disease is most commonly done through an echocardiogram, which is a non-invasive test that uses sound waves to create images of the heart's structure and function. This imaging technique allows healthcare providers to visualize any abnormalities in the heart's structure and how it is functioning. While cardiac catheterization and chest x-ray with ECG can also provide valuable information, an echocardiogram is the primary diagnostic tool for identifying congenital heart defects due to its accuracy, safety, and non-invasiveness.
A female client with lymphedema expresses her anxiety about the abnormal enlargement of an arm. Which of the ff suggestions should a nurse give to support the clients self image?
- A. Place the arm in the sling
- B. Apply cold soaks to the affected arm
- C. Introduce variations in styles of clothing
- D. Tie a tight bandage to the arm
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Introducing variations in styles of clothing can help the client feel more comfortable and confident despite the abnormal enlargement of her arm due to lymphedema. By wearing different styles of clothing that accommodate the affected arm, the client can still express her personal style and feel good about her appearance. This approach can help improve the client's self-image and self-esteem, supporting her emotionally as she copes with the condition. Placing the arm in a sling, applying cold soaks, or tying a tight bandage are not appropriate suggestions for addressing the client's anxiety and self-image concerns in this situation.
A 2-year-old child is being evaluated for a right flank mass; radiological appearance is consistent with rupture of Wilms tumor. The BEST therapeutic approach for this child is
- A. radiotherapy
- B. concomitant chemotherapy-radiotherapy
- C. another surgery
- D. observation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Concomitant chemotherapy and radiotherapy are essential to manage ruptured Wilms tumor and reduce the risk of dissemination.