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A 42-year-old male client, who started experiencing mild flu-like symptoms 2 days ago, including an oral temperature of 101.2 °F (38.4 °C), came to the emergency department today due to increasing shortness of breath, cough, and chest pain. The client has no significant medical or surgical history. He occasionally drinks alcohol but denies smoking or drug use. He mentioned that he works in a government building and opened a package that was full of white powder. He may have inhaled some of the powder and coughed a few times but did not have any problems until a couple of days later. What actions should be taken?
- A. Apply oxygen via a nasal cannula.
- B. Place the client on a cardiorespiratory monitor.
- C. Infuse IV fluid boluses.
- D. Administer antiviral medication.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Given the client's symptoms and potential exposure to an unknown substance, it is crucial to monitor his vital signs and cardiorespiratory status. This will help healthcare providers detect any changes in the client's condition and respond appropriately.
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The community health nurse suspects that immunization rates in a lower-socioeconomic section of %%city are likely below the state health department's target. What should be the nurse's initial action to address this health problem?
- A. Call a meeting of citizens to inform them of the importance of having their children immunized.
- B. Partner with a local children's hospital to set up free immunization clinics in the neighborhood.
- C. Join a political action group that focuses attention on the issue in the local news media.
- D. Review current epidemiological population data that might document a low immunization rate.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Reviewing current epidemiological population data would provide the nurse with a clear picture of the immunization rates in different sections of the city. This should be the initial step as it would guide subsequent actions, such as setting up immunization clinics in areas where they are most needed.
After assessing the health needs of an elementary school, the nurse identifies that an increased incidence of bicycle injuries is a significant issue. The nurse develops a 2-month program with the goal of eliminating bicycle injuries in the school. The program includes educational pamphlets sent home to parents and two educational sessions conducted by the school nurse. What action should the nurse take to evaluate the effectiveness of the program?
- A. Determine the type of bicycle injuries each child sustained before conducting the sessions.
- B. Survey parents after one month to assess their understanding of the educational pamphlet.
- C. Compare the incidence of bicycle injuries at the beginning and end of the program.
- D. Conduct an initial survey of the children to determine their knowledge of bicycle safety.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Comparing the incidence of bicycle injuries at the beginning and end of the program directly measures the impact of the program on the issue it was designed to address. If the program is effective, there should be a noticeable decrease in the incidence of bicycle injuries.
A client comes to the clinic for an annual physical exam. When asked about their influenza vaccine status, the client responds, “I never get the vaccine because I don't get the flu.â€. Which aspect of the Health Belief Model is the client demonstrating?
- A. Perceived barriers.
- B. Perceived susceptibility.
- C. Perceived severity.
- D. Perceived benefits.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The client's decision not to get the flu vaccine because they don't get the flu demonstrates perceived barriers, one aspect of the Health Belief Model. The client may perceive that the potential discomfort or inconvenience of getting the vaccine outweighs the benefits.
The public health nurse is investigating a report of several chickenpox (varicella virus) cases at a daycare center. The daycare worker mentions that five children have been sent home over the past two weeks with fever and itchy blisters. What should be the nurse's initial action?
- A. Report the presence of a viral endemic at the daycare center.
- B. Confirm the number of children exhibiting symptoms.
- C. Verify that the children sent home did indeed develop chickenpox.
- D. Determine the number of people potentially exposed.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse's initial action should be to verify that the children sent home did indeed develop chickenpox. This is because chickenpox is a highly contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus. Early identification and confirmation of the disease can help in implementing appropriate control measures to prevent further spread.
An older adult is diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. What problems should the nurse expect to address in this client's home health care plan? Select all that apply.
- A. Feeding assistance.
- B. Fragile skin.
- C. Risk for falls.
- D. Chronic pain.
- E. Depression.
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D,E
Rationale: Feeding assistance, fragile skin, risk for falls, chronic pain, and depression are all potential problems for an older adult with Parkinson's disease. These issues arise due to motor symptoms, skin changes, balance impairment, muscle stiffness, and increased prevalence of depression.