Nokea
A 42 year-old patient tells the nurse that she has found a painless lump in her right breast during her monthly self-examination. She says that she is afraid that she has cancer. Which assessment finding would most strongly suggest that this patients lump is cancerous?
- A. Eversion of the right nipple and mobile mass
- B. A nonmobile mass with irregular edges
- C. A mobile mass that is soft and easily delineated
- D. Nonpalpable right axillary lymph nodes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Breast cancer typically presents as a hard, nonmobile mass with irregular edges, as these characteristics suggest malignancy. A soft, mobile mass is more likely benign, like a cyst. Eversion of the nipple is not typical, and nonpalpable lymph nodes do not rule out cancer.
You may also like to solve these questions
A nurse is teaching a group of women about the potential benefits of breast self-examination (BSE). The nurse should teach the patients that effective BSE is dependent on what factor?
- A. Womens knowledge of how their breasts normally look and feel
- B. The rapport that exists between the woman and her primary care provider
- C. Synchronizing womens routines around BSE with the performance of mammograms
- D. Womens knowledge of the pathophysiology of breast cancer
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Effective BSE relies on the patient's familiarity with her breasts' normal appearance and feel, enabling detection of changes. Rapport with providers, mammogram synchronization, or pathophysiology knowledge are not essential for BSE efficacy.
A 23-year-old woman comes to the free clinic stating I think I have a lump in my breast. Do I have cancer? The nurse instructs the patient that a diagnosis of breast cancer is confirmed by what?
- A. Supervised breast self-examination
- B. Mammography
- C. Fine-needle aspiration
- D. Chest x-ray
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Fine-needle aspiration or biopsy provides histologic confirmation of breast cancer, making it the definitive diagnostic method. Breast self-examination and mammography are screening tools, not diagnostic, and chest x-rays are used for metastasis evaluation, not primary diagnosis.
A nurse is explaining that each breast contains 12 to 20 cone-shaped lobes. The nurse should explain that each lobe consists of what elements?
- A. Modified tendons and ligaments
- B. Connective tissue and smooth muscle
- C. Lobules and ducts
- D. Endocrine glands and sebaceous glands
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Each breast lobe consists of lobules (milk-producing glands) and ducts (milk transport), which are the functional units of the breast. Tendons, ligaments, smooth muscle, or endocrine/sebaceous glands are not primary components.
A patient newly diagnosed with breast cancer states that her physician suspects regional lymph node involvement and told her that there are signs of metastatic disease. The nurse learns that the patient has been diagnosed with stage IV breast cancer. What is an implication of this diagnosis?
- A. The patient is not a surgical candidate.
- B. The patients breast cancer is considered highly treatable.
- C. There is a 10% chance that the patients cancer will self-resolve.
- D. The patient has a 15% chance of 5-year survival.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Stage IV breast cancer, with metastatic disease, has a 5-year survival rate of approximately 15%. Surgery may still be part of palliative or local control strategies, the disease is not highly treatable, and spontaneous resolution is not possible.
A woman calls the clinic and tells the nurse she has had bloody drainage from her right nipple. The nurse makes an appointment for this patient, expecting the physician or practitioner to order what diagnostic test on this patient?
- A. Breast ultrasound
- B. Radiography
- C. Positron emission testing (PET)
- D. Galactography
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Galactography, involving contrast injection into the ductal system followed by mammography, is used to evaluate bloody nipple discharge for ductal abnormalities. Ultrasound, radiography, and PET are not specific for this indication.