Nokea
A 50-year-old man diagnosed with leukemia will begin chemotherapy. What would the nurse do to combat the most common adverse effects of chemotherapy?
- A. Administer an antiemetic
- B. Administer an antimetabolite
- C. Administer a tumor antibiotic
- D. Administer an anticoagulant
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Chemo's nastiest duo nausea and vomiting strike most patients, triggered by gut and brain reactions to drugs like cyclophosphamide. Antiemetics (e.g., ondansetron) preempt this, keeping patients eating and hydrated, a frontline move in oncology. Antimetabolites (like methotrexate) and tumor antibiotics (like doxorubicin) are chemo agents, not side-effect fixes. Anticoagulants dodge clots, not nausea. Nurses prioritize this relief, knowing it's the biggest hurdle to treatment tolerance.
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People with metabolic syndrome have an increased risk of which of the following disorders, besides type 2 diabetes mellitus?
- A. Hypertension, infections
- B. Myocardial infarction, hypertension
- C. Myocardial infarction, infections
- D. Myocardial infarction, liver cirrhosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Metabolic syndrome hikes heart attacks, hypertension vascular hits, not infections or cirrhosis extras. Nurses track this, a chronic CV duo.
Which of these organisms causing gastroenteritis produce the toxin in the food prior to ingestion?
- A. vibrio cholera
- B. salmonella
- C. staph aureus
- D. clostridium perfringens
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Staph aureus pre-toxins food, not cholera, salmonella, E. coli, Clostrid's gut brew. Nurses tag this chronic picnic poison.
A patient with lung cancer develops syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). After reporting symptoms of weight gain, weakness, and nausea and vomiting to the physician, you would anticipate which initial order for the treatment of this patient?
- A. A fluid bolus as ordered
- B. Fluid restrictions as ordered
- C. Urinalysis as ordered
- D. Sodium-restricted diet as ordered
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: SIADH, common in lung cancer, overproduces ADH, retaining water and diluting sodium hyponatremia causes weight gain, weakness, nausea. Fluid restriction, the initial fix, curbs water intake, raising sodium levels naturally, tackling the root imbalance. A fluid bolus worsens dilution, risking seizures. Urinalysis checks concentration, not a treatment. Sodium restriction deepens hyponatremia, counterproductive. Anticipating fluid limits aligns with SIADH's pathophysiology nurses expect this order to stabilize the patient, monitoring for symptom relief or escalation, a frontline step in managing this paraneoplastic crisis.
What is the essence of motivational interviewing?
- A. That change strategies must exactly match the patient's motivation
- B. That behavioural change is impossible if the patient does not want it
- C. That the counsellor motivates the patient to change and increases patient involvement
- D. That the patient's motives to show unhealthy behaviour are systematically analysed
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Motivational interviewing counsellor sparks, pulls patients in, not rigid matches, impossibles, or motive digs. Nurses roll this, a chronic engagement art.
Rehabilitation is an ongoing process which is individual for each patient. Which of the following concepts are not part of the goals of the rehabilitation process for the patient?
- A. Adaptation
- B. Reconstruction of self-identity
- C. Ongoing dependency
- D. Developing a sense of a new normal
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rehab rebuilds adapt, re-ID, new normal aims up, not down. Dependency's the foe, not goal. Nurses push this, a chronic comeback.